tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60518630370145524212024-03-18T23:31:29.165-04:001820 Log SchoolhouseLocal History of Waterloo RegionJoanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-52563979232919290112020-06-20T11:21:00.000-04:002020-06-20T11:21:48.995-04:00Of Unknown Things That Go Bump, Slither (or Splash) in the Night: The Curious Case of the Nith River Monster<br />
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It was 67 years ago
this July. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The story began with
sightings of strange three-toed clawprints that were discovered in the muddy
shoreline along the Nith River in New Hamburg. Adjoining the prints were long,
deeply imprinted grooves as if something heavy had been dragged along. What WAS
it? Theories and conjectures abounded. Even the <i>New Hamburg Independent</i>
joined in:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>“The topic of most
conversation these days is of the “thing” that has been leaving a weird trail
through parts of the north and western parts of the town.”</i><i> </i> </div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(July 10, 1953) <o:p></o:p></div>
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Police Chief George
Thomas claimed that he had witnessed the beast as it crawled onto the shore one
evening. Alarmed by its lizard-like gait and size (he estimated it was about
3-4 feet long), he shot at it but missed. He claimed the creature disappeared
back into the river. The “sighting” remained elusive. The only concrete
“evidence” were the tracks that had been left behind. The story gained momentum
and even out of town newspapers (as far away as Windsor and Montreal) ran with
it. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Speculation abounded.
The tracks featured long continuous grooves that were punctuated by the
three-toed prints and it was surmised that maybe the creature <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">was
anything from a heron to a turtle—or even a “large lizard-like animal or dog
dragging a chain.” The most plausible theory was that it was most likely an
“alligator, brought back from Florida by travelers, [that] had been released
when it grew too large.”</span> Regardless, there were only tracks, a reported
sighting by one man (the police chief) and no body to speak of. The creature
did gain a name though—Nithy. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Tracks continued to
appear throughout that summer (yes, “that” summer) and even zoologists from the
University of Western Ontario weighed in but nothing was identified as a
possible source animal who could have been indigenous to the area capable of
making the exact track marks. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The timing of the
sighting was interesting in and of itself, as the ‘burg was otherwise preparing
for an important local horse-racing event which, it was hoped, would draw in
crowds from afar—<i>Derby Days. </i>The event ran annually each August from
1936-1958 and by 1953 it had already been losing momentum. Was Nithy merely a
publicity hoax? Many to this day thought so especially since the only witness
to have reported a sighting was police Chief Thomas, himself. Thomas would have been a
most credible source for the whole scheme if indeed it was a publicity stunt.
And, stunt aside, the story was a popular one and it did bring in curiosity
seekers from all over the region, hoping for a sighting. The story also put the
name of New Hamburg in the current news.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Photo: New Hamburg Independent</td></tr>
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Locals embraced the publicity. One man, John Neilson (who was a local baker), decided to get in on the fund and cooked up a replica crocodile out of bread dough. After painting it to look authentic, he placed it in a widely visible location (there is a small island in the middle of the river near the Harman Bridge in New Hamburg, Ontario). Local kids, including the son of Chief Thomas, proudly posed with the doughy critter for a publicity photo shoot.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">As a further promotion, a (then) well-known wrestler "Tuffy Truesdell" heard of Nithy and vowed that he would take on the beast if it were found. Truesdale was himself Well-known for wrestling large alligators and bears as part of his "act." In an attempt to capture said animal, Truesdell even brought one of his own alligators to the town to publicize the search. Nithy, however, was having none of it and remained at large.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAg0BHvNMigr6RSQ_x-9_mD_FHlM7NlNIuH74gnVuV5D_WezzRrKgkGANCAIYtBTJLFaMsSiUsvSjVPoR7x9hgP-N6f1uzDDLT-rJe9vFlwxVy2avdG72DqWVaQJgxLyXlrO6SwUz1PLQ/s1600/news+article+about+Tuffy+Truesdell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="546" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAg0BHvNMigr6RSQ_x-9_mD_FHlM7NlNIuH74gnVuV5D_WezzRrKgkGANCAIYtBTJLFaMsSiUsvSjVPoR7x9hgP-N6f1uzDDLT-rJe9vFlwxVy2avdG72DqWVaQJgxLyXlrO6SwUz1PLQ/s320/news+article+about+Tuffy+Truesdell.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: New Hamburg Independent</td></tr>
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The story lingered in
the press and around town for sometime after that, and eventually disseminated
as a sideline to newspapers in Oneonta, New York and Townsville, Australia.
Several years after the first reports, a float in the 1957 New Hamburg
centennial parade featured a giant alligator with a banner that read “myth of
the Nith.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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At this point, it is
nearly certain that the whole thing was concocted and chief Thomas is the most
likely suspect. At the very least, he was a viable and no doubt cooperative participant.
It has long been believed that Thomas probably made the tracks himself. A
question remains, did the story help the ailing Derby Days event? It would seem
so as the August 14<sup>th</sup> edition of the 1953 <i>New Hamburg Independent
</i>reported that Derby Days that year was a “huge success.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Regardless of whether
it was a hoax or not the story has made an impression in the wider Waterloo
Region. Today, at the Ken Seiling Waterloo Region Museum, as you enter the new
building you may notice the lovely watercourse that has been constructed just
outside its front door. If you look closely, you may also notice that there is
a concrete creature, an alligator to be precise, positioned strategically in
the centre of the pond area. And yes, you guessed it—it is the museum’s homage
to that 1953 legend of Nithy. </div>
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Perhaps he migrated a few kilometres east from
New Hamburg?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-73227687905144033602019-06-24T10:37:00.001-04:002019-06-24T10:37:35.665-04:00Book Launch Invitation At Wordsworth Books in Waterloo, ONHi Everyone! It has been a long journey but the day has finally arrived. Please join us on Wednesday, June 26, 2019 for the launch of Waterloo You Never Knew: Life on the Margins at Wordsworth Books, Uptown Waterloo, ON. The book is also available from a number of sources online including the publisher Dundurn Press, Indigo, and Amazon. You can also contact me directly through this blogsite, as well. Thank you for your support as local history makes its debut!<br />
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-68415493894099409942018-02-22T00:46:00.001-05:002018-02-22T00:57:49.507-05:00Coming Soon.....in 2018-- A New Book!<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Waterloo You Never Knew: </b><i>Life on the Margins</i></span></h2>
<i><br /></i>
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Peek behind the curtain as Joanna Rickert-Hall unearths the
controversial stories that communities own but don’t often share—especially
with others. These are the stories of the marginalized, the famous, the
infamous, the weird and the wonderful—real people who, by choice or by design,
lived on the margins of mainstream existence in a “typical” small Canadian
community. Meet the ex-slaves, the
cholera victims, the grave digging doctor, the séance loving politician, the
rumrunner, and the sorcery practicing healer. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Life as we thought we knew it just got a bit weird. What’s weirder, still….? </div>
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OUR
history is YOUR history.</div>
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Come inside. This is Waterloo You Never Knew, revealed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Dundurn Press: Toronto, ON</div>
Coming November 2018<br />
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<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-62713549519765872372016-03-04T22:41:00.000-05:002016-03-04T23:38:50.520-05:00John Frederick Augustus Sykes Fayette & The Wellington InstituteIn earlier posts about local black settlement history of Waterloo County, I have noted that some were ex-slaves who came here with the hope and prospect of a better life that would free them from the chains of enslavement. Theirs is a powerful story that encompasses the hardship of their journey here (as well as their previous life) and the humanity of those neighbours who helped them. Of those who lent aid to the newcomers, Mennonites, such as local merchant (and later Reeve) Henry Sauder Huber offered bags of seed and tools for farming since those who arrived as ex-slaves often were lacking in both money and material necessities that would enable them to survive the difficult task of clearing bush and planting crops. In other cases, Mennonites also provided employment opportunities for their black neighbours especially during the busy season of harvesting.<br>
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(Reeve) Henry Sauder Huber (1819-1872)<br>
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I have also documented here in this blog some of the early schools and churches that were established in the Queen's Bush area during the first half of the 19th century but it is another school, established by a man of colour, that I am writing about today. This school was in operation for only a short period of time but its impact was significant, as were several of its locally renowned students (one of whom became mayor of Berlin. Another became the town treasurer and county clerk. More on this in a moment).....<br>
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Education per se was an important value in early Waterloo County (for both boys and girls) and schools were established early on in conjunction with the ongoing development of the growing community. Thomas Pearce, veteran school inspector for Waterloo County, gave this historical account of early schools for the 1914 Waterloo Historical Society Annual Volume:<br>
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"<i>That desire to have their children receive a good, practical
education, which is a marked characteristic of the inhabitants of this
county today, manifested itself just as strongly in the pioneers in the
early part of the last century.
<u>Prior to 1842 all schools were voluntary.</u> They were kept in private
houses, meeting houses, abandoned dwellings, unused shops or under
any available and convenient shelter. On in the 20’s and 30’s an
occasional small log schoolhouse was built and paid for by private
subscription. Schools were kept open during the winter months only. <u>The teachers were mostly itinerants</u>—ex—soldiers or unsuccessful tradesmen—who were engaged in other occupations the rest of the
year. <u>Their scholarship was unknown, examinations and certificates being unheard of.</u>" </i><br>
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At first glance, these few sentences tell us a number of things but perhaps, for the purpose of this particular post, we are interested in the portions that I have underlined: that is, prior to 1842, schools in Waterloo County (incidentally similar in other areas) were voluntary and that the teachers who taught in them were most often ex-soldiers or..... and I really like this (not!) that they were "unsuccessful" tradesmen--yikes! Yup, your business isn't doing so well so why not teach? Not exactly a sterling endorsement by a long shot... Better still is the "their scholarship was unknown." Presumably, we can take from this description that teaching credentials were somewhat, shall I say, subjective? (We can have no doubt that at least some of the teachers were excellent and learned such as Bishop Benjamin Eby who wrote numerous teaching booklets and materials for the Berlin Central School as well as others such as what we know today as the 1820 Log Schoolhouse in Waterloo, Ontario). Another case in point is that teaching, or rather the curriculum as it was taught then, consisted mostly of teaching children to read (often using the Bible), to write and to do "sums" ie add, subtract, multiply and divide. Pretty basic stuff. No standardized curriculum or coursework offerings like Geography or Grammar--only what was considered to be the most important for literacy and survival. The basics.<br>
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Around 1840, Ohio "Western Reserve College" theology graduate, John Frederick Augustus Sykes Fayette was working as a missionary and travelling throughout southern Ontario when he came to Waterloo County. It is here that he established a private school in Berlin, ON. The school was located in a building that was behind the Red Lion Hotel (which was located on King Street East). This would have been very significant to the citizens of this area for several reasons, none the least of which is that its scope was to elevate the non-regulated curriculum by offering instruction in map-reading (Geography) and the first of its kind locally to formally teach English Grammar. In fact, Fayette was heads above many of the other teachers simply by education. He was a university graduate at a time when most students ended school sometime around the Grade 8 level! What is also significant is that, as a man of colour, he came here of his own volition and was not a slave. Pearce describes him specifically as being " a well-educated mulatto."**<br>
**An ancestry search revealed an early marriage record for Fayette in Ohio where he is described as being "white." In fact, it was not uncommon for black folks whose features were light to live as or self- identify publicly as white.<br>
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The Wellington Institute school opened in December of 1840 and charged what was then a reasonable rate for tuition: $2.00/student as well as a personal provision for fuel**<br>
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**Tuition rates always included the requirement that a student provide his or her portion of fuel (wood or coal, as indicated) to be used collectively to heat the classroom in addition to financial remuneration most often for teacher's salaries.<br>
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Although many of Berlin's merchant class could afford the fees for the school, there were those who could not and Fayette eventually ran out of money (and into debt). The school closed and Fayette left the area. Further investigation revealed that he went to the Hamilton area where he served as a minister for the <a href="http://www.hamiltonnews.com/opinion-story/5421656-community-columnist-oldest-mountain-church-celebrates-its-history/" target="_blank">Barton Stone United Church</a> from 1845 to 1850. The article attached to this link describes Fayette as being a friend and sympathizer of <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/john-brown-9228496" target="_blank">John Brown</a> the famous abolitionist. For a time, Fayette served as an Ontario School Superintendent before retiring in London, ON where he died in 1876. Here is a copy of the marriage record for his daughter, Elizabeth, from 1869:<br>
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As I mentioned earlier, two of his students had notable contributions to the local history of Waterloo Region, as well. The first of these was Jacob Yost Schantz who grew up to be a number of things: a businessman, mayor and later, a supporter of Mennonite resettlement from Russia into Manitoba. I have a personal interest in this man as he also was locally known for his herbal concoctions and cancer treatments, not unlike another man who I have researched extensively-Christian Eby (grandson of Bishop Benjamin Eby). More on both of these men and the practise of local folk medicine in another post. When he attended Fayette's Wellington Institute he was 18yrs old.<br>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">Jacob Yost Schantz (1822-1909)</span> </td></tr>
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Another student of distinction was Israel David Bowman who attended the school at the tender age of 11. Bowman's later career included becoming the Reeve for the village of Berlin in 1858 and in 1861 he was appointed as the County Clerk as well as the Clerk for the village of Berlin. It is in this capacity that Bowman is arguably best known. You may recall an earlier photo that I posted of the 1820 Log Schoolhouse reunion that took place in West Side Park (today Waterloo Park) in 1895? Well, Bowman was also an alumni of that school and also appears in that photo (see below)<br>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Israel D. Bowman (1830-1896)</td></tr>
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The story of John Frederick Augustus Sykes Fayette, I think, is an important one with regard to local black history but perhaps, more so as an account of early education and how one man attempted to upgrade the quality of it at a time when standardization of the curriculum was in its infancy. Although the Wellington Institute school was short-lived, the desire for quality education was something that never left this community and in addition to the area's elementary, middle and secondary schools the region is home to 2 universities--Wilfrid Laurier University and University of Waterloo as well as one community college--Conestoga College Institute of Technology. I think Fayette would be proud to know he played a part in it all.....Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-54385168908940491812016-02-12T10:20:00.002-05:002016-02-12T10:33:01.786-05:00Upcoming Black History Talk: Community Contributions of Early Waterloo County Black SettlersMany are aware of the contributions of the Pennsylvania German Mennonites who came to settle and farm this area in the early 1800's but few know that their neighbours included hard-working men and women who had journeyed to Canada looking for refuge from the chains of slavery. Some became successful land-owners, blacksmiths, barbers and entrepreneurs. One man ran for local office. Join us as Joanna Rickert-Hall shares some of the forgotten stories of early 19th century black settlement in Waterloo Region.<br />
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February 25, 2016 at the Country Hills Branch of the KPL (Kitchener Public Library)<br />
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1500 Block Line Road, Kitchener, ON Phone: 519-743-3558</div>
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For more information: <a href="http://www.kpl.org/ch" target="_blank">http://www.kpl.org/ch</a></div>
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-83151803145611739842014-09-21T19:56:00.000-04:002014-09-21T19:58:05.534-04:00Local History, Some Friends and Me: A Few Memories of the Work We Do<h3 style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Thinking of Joseph Schneider Haus and the 1820 Log Schoolhouse in Waterloo Park: <a href="https://plus.google.com/112901703727127069065/posts/2JY4CZNx7XN" target="_blank">Local History Vignette</a></div>
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The lovely photo that appears in the video (of me doing the dreaded 19th century version of Wash Day Blues) was taken by a very talented local photographer for the Kitchener Record whose name is David Bebee. Here is a link to the original article that appeared: <a href="http://www.therecord.com/news-story/4733250-laundry-day-was-no-push-button-miracle-in-1850s/" target="_blank">Laundry Day, 19th Century Style</a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lonely sentinel on Maple Sugaring Weekend....and believe me a watched pot does take a long time to boil....</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Getting ready to start pickling and preserving some autumn harvest goodies....as winter is just around the corner....<br />
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-76227498320395408402014-08-19T14:55:00.002-04:002014-08-19T17:18:04.357-04:00Did somebody say....fresh-baked BREAD?!There are few foods so intrinsically tied to the human heart, stomach (and nose, for that matter) than bread. Anyone who has caught the distinctive and alluring smell of bread as it is baking in the oven knows exactly what I mean. Your mouth absolutely waters and addictively, you want MORE. In days gone by, this is a smell that I believe would have solidified what is meant by the word "HOME". If home is a place of safety, love and security then bread is its tummy tickler--the ultimate comfort food. Back in the day, it would have been mama's or grandma's job to bring out the doughbox to mix up a week's worth of dough, fashion it into small loaves for rising (the Pennsylvania Germans used rye coil baskets for this purpose) and ultimately would have baked their precious cargo in a brick bake house oven. Oh my-can't you just smell it!<br />
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Standing on guard behind the cast iron oven in Joseph Schneider Haus is the wooden doughbox (or <i>Bokmoi</i> as it was known to the early Pennsylvania German Mennonites). A household tool staple at one time, the doughbox took many forms--sometimes on legs so it could stand independently while the <i>Hausfrau</i> worked her dough, other times it was without legs, as above, so that it could rest on a table or bench. <a href="https://www.google.ca/search?q=doughbox&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=N4rzU8PhJcSIogTovoBI&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&biw=1359&bih=622" target="_blank">(see a compendium of different doughboxes here)</a> Take note, as well, of the rye coil baskets that are holding the rising bread dough balls. The balls of rye bread dough have been coated generously with none other than lard and are then wrapped loosely in linen as was the fashion in the 19th century (and earlier). Wheat bread dough was risen in a similar fashion but was not coated in lard, rather it was brushed with melted fat and then coated with a light dusting of flour. It was similarly wrapped in linen while it rose. More curious are the redware jugs that are covered with linen and that sit ready on top of the doughbox. Wonder what these contain.....? The answer in a minute...<br />
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Something else to consider is--where are you going to bake the dough once it has been risen? In this case, the answer is: the <i>Bakofen</i> or Bakeoven in the outdoor Bake House. These types of ovens, like the doughboxes, differ from culture to culture and from region to region, depending upon such variables as weather and whether or not the bake oven is privately owned or shared by a community. In fact, some bake ovens are (and were) communally owned whereby women would bring their unbaked bread to the oven and someone--the village baker--would bake it for them, most commonly for a price. Such activity would allow women the comfort to converse and visit with one another in public (something that many women did not often do, since many were most commonly engaged with their families and home, only. Men were more likely to venture some distance from home and their farms as they took goods to markets for sale or conducted business in another town). To this end, community bake ovens could provide women with a socially-sanctioned reason to be alone and in public at a point in time that this was a rare occurrence.<br />
Bake ovens were most commonly made from stone or brick that could be heated up enough to bake all sorts of things like pies, breads, etc., in quantity and all at one time.To begin the process, a nice roaring fire was needed to distribute the heat throughout the bake oven cavity...<br />
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Once the wood has burned down to glowing coals, they are broken down with a metal rake (a <i>Kich</i>) and the contents are taken out of the oven. Sometimes this meant that they were scraped onto the floor and swept into a nearby hearth (yes!), other times they were scraped into a waiting metal container. This outdoor oven has a metal chamber door that is visible in the centre of the photo, above. Once the glowing coals are removed, the interior floor of the oven is washed with a rag mop (or my favourite Pennsylvania German word a <i>Huddel Lumpa</i>) and the dampers are closed to hold in the heat. These are the wooden boards that are visible at the top of the photo. Unseen and at the end of them, they have flat metal damper sheets that slide into crevasses in the brick wall and act to close off the oxygen to the oven ensuring the end of any flames (but not the heat, which is effectively held by the hot brickwork floor, walls and ceiling of the beehive cavity inside the oven, itself).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Pennsylvania German favourite: <i>Zwiebelkuchen </i>or Onion Pie, a popular German flatbread similar to modern pizza that has a cream base but no tomato sauce. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<br />
Any number of goodies were prepared for the coming week. Yes, this would have meant that the <i>Hausfrau </i>had to have a certain amount of meal planning in mind to prepare everything in advance to feed her family for the next week. Contingency plans would have had to also include entertaining guests so extra food would also be baked in anticipation.<br />
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Once the baking was arranged in the hot bake oven, the door was closed for about an hour, depending upon what was being baked and then the door was opened to reveal.....a wonderful display of fresh delicacies for the family and friends who would gather at table.</div>
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With the baking done, there was only a moment to enjoy a cup of coffee before getting on with the tasks at hand. A woman's work is definitely never done....especially in the early 19th century!</div>
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Ahhhh, but before I forget, remember that redware pitcher that was covered and sitting on top of the doughbox? Well, it contained liquid home made yeast (thanks to airborne 'wild yeast" from the air around us that occurs naturally) and that was fermenting over the course of several days. This is what the average woman would have been using to leaven her bread instead of our modern commercial yeasts. All homes had some form of a yeast crock (<i>Sotzcrok</i>) that would have contained live yeast cultures that were similar to what we know today as sourdough. Over the centuries, many forms of leavening could have and would have been used such as: brewer's yeast (a by-product from brewing beer), <a href="http://www.godecookery.com/cookies/infoba.html" target="_blank">hartshorn</a>, <a href="http://www.fourpoundsflour.com/the-history-dish-pearlash-the-first-chemical-leavening/" target="_blank">pearlash</a> and the aforementioned <a href="http://savoringthepast.net/2012/06/25/wild-yeast-cultures-from-the-18th-century/" target="_blank">wild yeast</a> to name a few. For more information on these substances see this downloadable free e-text from archive.org on leavening agents: <a href="http://archive.org/stream/leaveningagentsy00hartrich/leaveningagentsy00hartrich_djvu.txt" target="_blank">Historical Leavening Agents</a><br />
<br />
Last year, I participated in a wonderful day long workshop at the <a href="http://www.waterlooregionmuseum.com/" target="_blank">Waterloo Region Museum</a> called the <a href="http://www.waterlooregionmuseum.com/upcoming-events/2013-october/forgotten-food-symposium.aspx" target="_blank">Forgotten Foods Symposium</a>. I enjoyed facilitating the bread-making workshop in the <a href="http://www.therecord.com/living-story/3242261-flash-from-the-past-peter-martin-house-once-stood-in-waterloo/" target="_blank">Peter Martin House</a> and would like to share with you some of the recipes I made with the participants.<br />
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Flatbread
(Onion Pie—German “Zwiebelkuchen”):</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Many
cultures have produced their own versions of flatbreads. Some of these
flatbreads were more sophisticated than others—meaning some were leavened and
others were not. Unleavened flatbreads were most commonly made from 3 basic
ingredients such as flour, salt and water (without the addition of yeast or
sourdough starter). One of the advantages of flatbreads in early pioneer
farming communities was that a hearty meal could be made from a simple
flatbread and could be carried into the fields for lunch. One such example is the
Swabian German Onion Pie (from the south--central area of Germany). <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Crust:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1 cup of warm water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1 tsp of sugar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1 ½ tsp granulated yeast<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½ cup of warm water (2<sup>nd</sup>
amount)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3 ½ cups flour (approx.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">½ tsp salt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">¼ cup butter, cut into pea-sized
pieces<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3 eggs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mix: 1 cup of warm water with 1
tsp of sugar. Stir. Add 1 ½ tsp yeast to the liquid and let sit in a warm area
for about 10 min. or until mixture gets bubbly. Set aside.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In another bowl, sift flour and
salt and mix together. Add butter and rub mixture to form fine crumbs. Make a
well in the centre. Beat the eggs into yeast mixture and pour into well in the
middle of the crumb mixture. Add ½ cup warm water, stir and work into a stiff
dough. Knead 5-10 minutes on a well-floured board until dough is no longer
sticky. Cover with a clean towel and let rise until doubled in size (about 90
minutes). Preheat oven to 375 degrees F (190C) and lightly grease a baking
sheet. Press down the raised dough with oiled hands and roll out to about ¼ to
½ inch thick. Spread an even layer of sour cream over the entire surface of the
dough in pan. Keep the layer on the thin side (about ¾ inch thick). Toppings
may now be added.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Note:
If you have a bread machine, you may substitute any bread dough recipe for the
crust in this recipe—just set your machine to dough. When it is completed,
remove the dough from the case and cut into two halves. One bread dough recipe
will make 2 crusts for an onion pie.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Toppings:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sprinkle the top of the pie with <b>2 cups of shredded white cheddar cheese</b>
(I prefer extra old). Chop about <b>4 cups
of onions</b> and, after frying them in butter, evenly distribute over the top
of the pie. At this point, chopped herbs may be sprinkled lightly over the pie,
if you wish e.g. parsley, chives, thyme, oregano, etc. Finally, cooked and
crumbled bacon may be sprinkled generously over the top (<b>about 1lb of bacon)</b>. Bake in oven until crust is golden brown. Cut
and enjoy! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Scripture
Cake (also called Bible Cake):<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The earliest
Bible Cake recipes were found in British cookery books published in England
during the late 1700’s. Even the war between England and its American colonies
in 1776 didn’t dampen the enthusiasm that women had for Bible Cakes. Dolly
Madison, wife of US President James Madison, was a prolific hostess and was
apparently quite fond of Scripture Cake—so much so that it was a favourite
feature on her hostess table! The recipe is always written in the form of a
riddle that is meant to be both instructive and practical. One can solve the
riddle by looking up the listed Bible passages thereby finding the specific ingredients
needed to make the cake. (Use a King
James Version.) This forms a dense fruitcake that is similar to a spicy
German Königskuchen or Kugelhof that one often sees around Christmas. </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Recipes
for Scripture Cakes differ on amounts of ingredients and occasionally the Bible
verses used to find them; this particular recipe is based on a recipe that was
found in ‘Key to the Pantry’,
published by the ladies of the Church of the Epiphany in Danville, Virginia in
1897. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This cake
may be baked in two 9-by 5-inch loaf pans, with a reduction in cooking time of
about 15 minutes (as opposed to making it in a bundt pan). Adjust your cooking
times accordingly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ingredients</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<br />
¾ cup Psalms 55:21 (butter)<br />
1 cup Jeremiah 6:2 (sugar)<br />
3 Jeremiah 17:11 (eggs)<br />
¼ cup Judges 4:19 (milk)<br />
1 tbsp. I Samuel 14:25 (honey)<br />
2 ¼ cups Leviticus 6:15 (all-purpose flour)<br />
1/4 tsp. Leviticus 2:13 (salt)<br />
1 tbsp. Amos 4:5 (use baking powder)<br />
1 tsp. II Chronicles 9:9 (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">pumpkin pie spice blend or can use 1/2 tsp.
cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. nutmeg, 1/4 tsp allspice)<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
cup I Samuel 30:12 (raisins)<br />
1 cup Numbers 13:23 (chopped dried figs)<br />
½ cup Numbers 17:8 (chopped, toasted almonds)<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Instructions</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<br />
Preheat oven to 350 F. Grease and flour 2 loaf pans (or one bundt pan, if
desired).<br />
<br />
In large mixer bowl, beat Psalms 55:21 until light and creamy. Add Jeremiah 6:2
and beat till fluffy, about 2 minutes. Add Jeremiah 17:11, one at a time,
beating well after each. Mix in Judges 4:19 and I Samuel 14:25. <br />
<br />
In separate bowl, sift together Leviticus 6: 15, Leviticus 2:14, Amos 4:5 and
II Chronicles 9:9. Remove 1/4 cup and set aside. Add half of remaining mixture
to mixing bowl and blend thoroughly until well blended to make batter.<b> Remember: </b>Follow Soloman's
prescription for the making of a good boy—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Proverbs 23:14 (beat well) and
your cake will be both successful and good!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
In separate bowl, combine the last 3 ingredients (plus the 1/4 cup that was set
aside). Toss to mix. Gently fold this into batter. Fill loaf pans about 3/4
full and bake for about 35 - 40 minutes or until toothpick inserted in center
comes out clean. Let cool on rack for 15 minutes and remove from pans. Cool
completely and before serving, dr</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">izzle
with Burnt Jeremiah Syrup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burnt
Jeremiah Syrup:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 ½ cups Jeremiah 6:20 (sugar)<br />
½ cup Genesis 24:45 (water)<br />
¼ cup Genesis 18:8 (butter)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In a 2-quart saucepan over low heat,
melt sugar, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking. After sugar melts,
continue cooking, stirring continuously, until it is a deep golden brown. Add
water and cook, stirring frequently, until smooth. Remove from the heat, add
butter and stir till until it melts; allow cake to cool.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Drizzle over cooled scripture cake and garnish, if desired, with whole
Genesis 43:11 (almonds).<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Potato
Flake Sourdough Bread<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Potato
flakes make an easy starter for modern sourdough bread. Where the frugal wife
would have historically recycled her “potato water” to make sourdough, we will
skip this step and use potato flakes to simulate the effect. This recipe is
also a variation of what is historically known as “friendship starter” that
would have been shared from one woman to another and would have formed the
basis for many home-made breads. Sharing one’s starter with a friend would have
been a very personal act that tied friendships and communities with food
preparation and sustenance. In some cases, starters were passed on from a
mother to her daughter upon her marriage. Other accounts tell us that the
pioneers carried starters with them from their old homes as they journeyed to
set up their new homesteads</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If
you pay attention to your starter, you can keep it going for a very long time—there
are historical accounts that claim that some starters or “mothers” were
reportedly over a hundred years old and still viable for use. This starter
recipe will continue to gather wild yeast from the air and will get better over
time. Keep in mind, however, as with most yeast breads, you will need to plan
ahead for rising time when you use a sourdough starter to bake bread—especially
if you need to take it out of the refrigerator before using. <b>And don’t forget to feed your sourdough or
it will die.<o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ingredients:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Starter
(first time)</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
cup warm water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">½
cup sugar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2
¼ teaspoons dry yeast<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3
level tbsp instant potato flakes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Starter
Feeder Mix (subsequent times):<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
cup warm water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">½
cup sugar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3
tbsp potato flakes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(NOTE: the starter feeder mix does
not require that you add yeast to it since it is now getting wild yeast from
the air). It is a living, fermented product similar to other fermented
foods/bacteria found in yogurt or sauerkraut. Yeast is bacteria.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ingredients To Make Bread:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6
cups bread flour<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
Tablespoon salt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">½
cup sugar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">½
cup oil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
¼ cups warm water<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
cup sourdough starter (See below)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Preparation:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First
Time Starter Directions:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Mix water, sugar, yeast and potato flakes. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Let ferment on counter for two days.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Then feed with starter feeder (below). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Starter Feeder Mix:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Combine water, sugar, and potato flakes. Add to starter. Let stand on
countertop eight hours. Refrigerate 3 to 5 days, then make bread. After using 1
cup of the starter for dough, pour one cup back into container and refrigerate.
Discard any other starter you didn’t use from what you have taken from original
starter. Store your starter in refrigerator when not in use. <br />
<br />
When you are ready to make more bread or every 3 to 5 days add <b>starter feeder mix</b> again. Stir well and
leave on the counter overnight or all day (about 12 hours). <br />
<br />
<b>To Make Bread:</b><br />
Add flour, salt, sugar, oil, and water to starter. Mix well. Knead on a floured
surface for 5 to 10 minutes. Put dough into a greased bowl. Cover with a wet
dish towel and let it rise in a warm place overnight or all day (about 12
hours). Punch down. Knead on a floured surface to get any air bubbles out.
Spray 3 loaf pans with cooking spray and divide dough approximately equal into
the 3 pans (shaping into loaf form). Let rise 6 to 8 hours, covered loosely. <br />
<br />
Bake at 350 degrees F. for 25 to 30 minutes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
process seems complicated but is quite simple: make a starter, use one cup of
it at a time to make bread but remember to feed it (replace what you took) with
the starter feeder mix before you return your remaining starter to the fridge
where it will hibernate until you need to bake bread again.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
And with that, next time you are tempted to run to the store to buy your bread, why not make some the old-fashioned way--from scratch! I guarantee that the smells coming from your home will be absolutely enchanting and intoxicating!<br />
<br />
Good eating, folks, from my hearth to your home!
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Cheese making was not a laborious or intricate procedure for the early Pennsylvania Germans who settled in 19th Century Waterloo County. Indeed, dairying is not something that particularly defined this culture group although it certainly was commonplace--at least on a smaller scale than we see today. Known more as a pork-based food culture, cheeses that were produced by these people locally were usually soft cheeses and not aged, hard cheeses like cheddar. Dialect names such as <i>Ballekase, Hofkase</i> and <i>Schmierkase </i>represent a few of these proliferous cheeses that accompanied many a loaf of home-made <i>Roggenbrot </i>(Rye Bread) on the Pennsylvania-German table in early Waterloo County.<i> </i>More often than not, butter was sold as a commodity to make some extra cash for the thrifty hausfrau and so one would find its ready replacement-Schmierkase- along with a small bowl of delicious apple butter on the table. What is apple butter? Similar to an apple jam or concentrated applesauce that is spreadable or spoonable onto a slice of bread. Like their Pennsylvania relatives, local Pa. Germans planted apple trees in record number, eventually harvesting the fruit in a variety of ways that have and often still do predominate many a local dinner table.</div>
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For more information on apple harvesting history see: <a href="http://www.nationalapplemuseum.com/appleciderandmore.html" target="_blank">http://www.nationalapplemuseum.com/appleciderandmore.html</a> </div>
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Incidentally, we also have a well-known local festival that takes place every September. For more information on the Wellesley Apple Butter and Cheese Festival: <a href="http://www.wellesleyabcfestival.ca/" target="_blank">http://www.wellesleyabcfestival.ca/</a></div>
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And finally, to make apple butter for yourself in a slow cooker, a great little recipe: <a href="http://allrecipes.com/recipe/all-day-apple-butter/" target="_blank">http://allrecipes.com/recipe/all-day-apple-butter/</a></div>
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But I digress--back to my cheese making. Here I am making Schmierkase. On the wood stove, two litres of buttermilk (and that's it!) stirred once then left to sit on a back burner, simmering, until a good curd begins to form. If you look closely you will see the yellowy line running through the milk. This is the curd separating from the whey.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kpvB7NM2LyFZbXrzBGj7xHVxCF8DQGBbTLdF076WxRuWRkLR9wfa4KqsKOc1BujwrLh3BxIop6Gzh2Ojnk1PcO58rVDdFKrZdtvLjYfY7e7_9t-199rsxOBN7xDNCZtrccQKV_QsGNg/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.43.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kpvB7NM2LyFZbXrzBGj7xHVxCF8DQGBbTLdF076WxRuWRkLR9wfa4KqsKOc1BujwrLh3BxIop6Gzh2Ojnk1PcO58rVDdFKrZdtvLjYfY7e7_9t-199rsxOBN7xDNCZtrccQKV_QsGNg/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.43.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
The key here is to not bring it to a boil and don't stir it. Just let it sit, at a simmer, until it is clearly separated.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1dbrJ8s6Y-Gbg18qTySsl7KiqfDKoVtiFdhkkEAo5pUfjZDiMj5LNy05Kxv7k3gG9QVw1FW6t8s4whhJ6W12geSUgNguKz40Ew19491fMJsf1_qkZh8cs7gCkJAC8lebCzHEc7uRPokA/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1dbrJ8s6Y-Gbg18qTySsl7KiqfDKoVtiFdhkkEAo5pUfjZDiMj5LNy05Kxv7k3gG9QVw1FW6t8s4whhJ6W12geSUgNguKz40Ew19491fMJsf1_qkZh8cs7gCkJAC8lebCzHEc7uRPokA/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.06.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCazxFX1Nz0phPQQgOtnQVll2GoOANpgNl1eQ-RrdOKKCUsyGD-2FIHHlKl5W8ViIoCS2fhp1mvTDuv1TYa2t9Jgfp8SLv-yuYdUEwYcil_i9IerrbPzfaY1k48ofHt1gvwpNxKxICrKo/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.52.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCazxFX1Nz0phPQQgOtnQVll2GoOANpgNl1eQ-RrdOKKCUsyGD-2FIHHlKl5W8ViIoCS2fhp1mvTDuv1TYa2t9Jgfp8SLv-yuYdUEwYcil_i9IerrbPzfaY1k48ofHt1gvwpNxKxICrKo/s1600/2014-04-06+14.10.52.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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At that point, pour your mixture of curds and whey into a sieve that has been lined with cheesecloth (historically they would have used linen cloth). As you can see by the photo, I also have the sieve sitting in a larger bowl so that I can catch the liquid that drains off of the curd. I upturned a smaller bowl and set the sieve on top of it to create a level of drainage space. Once you have poured the curd into the cheesecloth, tie it off and onto a wooden dowel (I just used a wooden spoon) to make a little pouch of sorts. Let it drain this way overnight--do not refrigerate it.<br />
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Sometimes, the sieve is a formed sieve like the one below in the foreground. This one is in the shape of a heart. If you use a shaped sieve, make sure to press the curd down into all of the shape so that the final dried curd will conform to it when you remove it. Historically, some of the cheeses made were special seasonal treats that included ingredients that were plentiful at that time and in season (the original Eat Local, Eat Fresh). One such recipe was for Easter Cheese which was an egg cheese (see below at bottom of blogpost for a recipe). Chickens normally slow down (virtually stop) egg laying production in the winter months yet will start producing again once spring comes (along with increasing daylight hours). Today, with the addition of modern lighting techniques this can be changed:<br />
(see: <a href="http://www.theselfsufficienthomeacre.com/2013/12/do-chickens-lay-eggs-in-the-winter.html" target="_blank">http://www.theselfsufficienthomeacre.com/2013/12/do-chickens-lay-eggs-in-the-winter.html</a> )<br />
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Historically speaking, the increased production of egg laying was a welcome change to the rather bland winter diet for most farmers in early days. Since this also occurred on or near the Easter season, a traditional food that reflected this was to make cheese that included sugar and the addition of newly plentiful eggs. This type of cheese was also well-known throughout Europe.<br />
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For the Schmierkase, once you pour the curds into the sieve leave it to drain. And so the overnight draining begins..... Notice the butter bowl and butter stamps on the table.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4FMqKDiL1qOWiVMCksul-c2oXnFHBVcrzklzomJmm7m73Fs6s-hetf3mIKzh3YJ8hpSTtl-Zri9_ejXhA-5R1Se6E0kDko0xhVS7nwPOenHFVNQzqAjNFsmSGmhQgsqVs1Vl_JNOi9A/s1600/2014-04-06+14.09.22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4FMqKDiL1qOWiVMCksul-c2oXnFHBVcrzklzomJmm7m73Fs6s-hetf3mIKzh3YJ8hpSTtl-Zri9_ejXhA-5R1Se6E0kDko0xhVS7nwPOenHFVNQzqAjNFsmSGmhQgsqVs1Vl_JNOi9A/s1600/2014-04-06+14.09.22.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
The next morning, carefully unwrap the curds from the cheesecloth and set it on a plate. With the tines of a fork, mash the curds to a fine consistency. Sprinkle some salt over the mashed curds to taste. Finally, pour enough table cream into and onto the mashed curds carefully working it through the curds with the fork. Add as much as is needed, carefully, in order to achieve a consistency that can be spread onto a slice of bread. The finished product with not be satin smooth but should still be relatively creamy when finished.<br />
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A nice local touch is to serve these soft cheeses with a drizzle of locally made maple syrup! Delicious! And so, we share with our guests......</div>
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<b>Recipe for Easter (or Egg) Cheese</b></div>
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NOTE: this cheese you stir while you are making it!</div>
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12 eggs</div>
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1 litre of whole milk</div>
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1 cup of white sugar</div>
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1/2 tsp fresh ground nutmeg (more or less according to taste)</div>
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1 tsp vanilla (optional)</div>
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In a separate bowl, whisk the eggs until light and fluffy. Stir in milk, sugar, vanilla and nutmeg. Cook over medium heat for about 30 minutes. Stir periodically to prevent the bottom of the pan to from scorching. When the mixture looks like cooked scrambled eggs, pour it carefully into a cheesecloth-lined sieve. Carefully gather the ends of the cheesecloth and pull them together until the cheese curds form into a ball. Tie the cheesecloth tightly a top of the ball and tie ends over a wooden spoon, suspending it over a bowl. Let drip overnight. (Alternately, you can press the curds in the cheesecloth into a shaped sieve and let drain overnight. Still you will need a bowl to catch the whey that is draining. When drained, untie the cheesecloth (or remove from sieve gently) and wrap in plastic wrap before refrigerating. Will keep for about a week. Slice and serve with maple syrup for a traditional local treat!</div>
Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-26432636973825455182014-04-07T22:52:00.002-04:002014-04-08T08:44:29.836-04:00Keeping Things Cool in the 19th Century, Pt. 2: Making Butter<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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It is early spring and just after dawn on the Pennsylvania German farm...<br />
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Breakfast is a memory, the cows have been milked and now it is time to get on with the morning chores.Any fresh cream that is not going to be needed immediately will be poured into clean cream crocks, covered with pristine linen cloths and stored in the cool spring house. </div>
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The dairy cattle that were raised locally by the early Pennsylvania German pioneers did not produce the quantity of milk that we see in modern cows. Most often, fresh milk (cream!) was stored/collected for several days and kept cool in spring houses until it would have been churned into butter or made into a soft cheese that had many variations and uses (more on this in the next post). Butter making was very competitive and lucrative. As a commodity, butter was something that a proud farm wife would have been able to sell at a local market for a profit (small, perhaps, by today's standard but an attractive means to make some extra money for a woman who spent a great deal of her time on her family farm and had little opportunity to make money for herself). </div>
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The process of butter making was relatively simple but the process of making your mark in the cottage industry was anything but. At least until the middle of the 19th century (before the advent of the milch haus or milk house, the successor to the spring house that served the purpose of a creamery), butter was often made in the spring house, itself. Meticulously clean, many early spring houses contained two rooms and cream was often strained directly through cloth into earthenware vessels (sometimes small oak tubs that would hold a couple of pails of milk were substituted for the crocks). With the milk set into the crocks, the haus frau (farm wife) would wait at least a day to let the higher fat cream rise to the surface of the vessel. (Dairying was most often the realm of the woman on the farm). Once the cream had separated and risen, floating on top of the milk, a skimmer was used to skim off the precious cream where it would be carefully removed and placed into another earthenware crock where enough could be gathered until there was enough to churn into butter. Additionally, allowing time for the cream to rest for about 3 to 6 days before churning it was believed to produce a better final product=butter!</div>
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Ventilation was a crucial element to keep the air flowing and the temperature more or less cool and balanced, even in the summer months. In addition to a water channel through which a small section of cool spring water flowed freely, windows were opened as needed to ensure good air flow.</div>
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Dutch doors that could lock on the bottom but provided upper air flow were also commonly used:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZSB_Ur9sj6EmOsocXPXfXDd8pfQDyHywFOTEPozK43_jnbYX7BNgnabuMf7DkBonPVKjGImvElLk1rK2iGafMNFIYk8AQlsHnnxQvJt3c04WpcN7g_mmBb7jAxUBGfvuN5RzjBRlGY20/s1600/IMG_0104.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZSB_Ur9sj6EmOsocXPXfXDd8pfQDyHywFOTEPozK43_jnbYX7BNgnabuMf7DkBonPVKjGImvElLk1rK2iGafMNFIYk8AQlsHnnxQvJt3c04WpcN7g_mmBb7jAxUBGfvuN5RzjBRlGY20/s1600/IMG_0104.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HwDq4LoWfK_1m0fp30RXkvj1iG3layv7qtK9J5kYu-WXhM9b1HVHPuNzJmM57A0Nnp_tlGDp9wB9HwNkcgSW8PK7y3KMuR88Ux_XVgkafpvbm5zsmHxo3-xuOBIaw5wLMb0EqhD2hb0/s1600/IMG_0102.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HwDq4LoWfK_1m0fp30RXkvj1iG3layv7qtK9J5kYu-WXhM9b1HVHPuNzJmM57A0Nnp_tlGDp9wB9HwNkcgSW8PK7y3KMuR88Ux_XVgkafpvbm5zsmHxo3-xuOBIaw5wLMb0EqhD2hb0/s1600/IMG_0102.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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After the ripening period, the cream was transferred to a churn where it would be agitated/churned into butter.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRHYGC_ZKKlcSvY4-PGiKFsjRsXjKuctBYeD5q3sGwqV5RvErBUBXhWh5hXdcqV5bd7o7GrlJiapJ0XBMP17hBiUY3aDfvwTvKfCtT92K3pM3bU34OCMCNDAXjiQER52Hs7zKzs7xO48/s1600/pictures+007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjRHYGC_ZKKlcSvY4-PGiKFsjRsXjKuctBYeD5q3sGwqV5RvErBUBXhWh5hXdcqV5bd7o7GrlJiapJ0XBMP17hBiUY3aDfvwTvKfCtT92K3pM3bU34OCMCNDAXjiQER52Hs7zKzs7xO48/s1600/pictures+007.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A dasher churn, seen on the left with its wooden "dasher" handle rising out of the metal base. A common design.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoB5G7xbKpul6LuKwZ030_dhG2BvYbtQRcAtOohE66za3aEArecb-hNdYAIg3w2pF87DWVxhlMC0nPnl7Phikta_nVi6HhXWz-1SCJBnPiMmp1BU87TnJvzFTkFPM1z4XM4nZhlIwzHqs/s1600/IMG_0095.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoB5G7xbKpul6LuKwZ030_dhG2BvYbtQRcAtOohE66za3aEArecb-hNdYAIg3w2pF87DWVxhlMC0nPnl7Phikta_nVi6HhXWz-1SCJBnPiMmp1BU87TnJvzFTkFPM1z4XM4nZhlIwzHqs/s1600/IMG_0095.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Another popular churn design that was commonly used by the Pennsylvania Germans was the barrel churn that used a hand crank and interior paddle. Cream was placed in the top of the barrel and locked into place before the crank was turned. A relatively cleaner method than the dasher churn, some also believed that the barrel churn was faster, as well.<br />
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The process of making butter was very competitive and not always an honest one. Sometimes the cream would spoil and unscrupulous individuals would attempt to churn and then sell the unsavoury product. The wise haus frau (farm wife) who took great pride in her work and investment would take great pains to establish her own brand or mark--often by imprinting her finished product before taking it to be sold. Word would quickly circulate if your reputation had been compromised for selling tainted butter. Wooden butter prints were intricately carved and were often quite beautiful, decorated in various folk motifs. On the table below are various small butter prints displayed beside wooden butter paddles, a heart-shaped cheese mold and a large wooden butter bowl.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-IZ9areCG4ZiMsWgYV5Y7K0spQy-U5Rp4yBKXgx6n8v5yJtw_2jqfl6-tTzAW7FZ_pZLq5DvzxSBrONF7fPuL_pVacZaJ8vDRJiUj77Vx9XmTklEUr5iZvS8qXZj52XWQ3Hrun8HnVI/s1600/IMG_0072.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-IZ9areCG4ZiMsWgYV5Y7K0spQy-U5Rp4yBKXgx6n8v5yJtw_2jqfl6-tTzAW7FZ_pZLq5DvzxSBrONF7fPuL_pVacZaJ8vDRJiUj77Vx9XmTklEUr5iZvS8qXZj52XWQ3Hrun8HnVI/s1600/IMG_0072.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjybjJlGANLWF1v2rcBBYrcrTfmicFPp__bLnUyPtQtSzxHDJOohMRKd3Bu6PpE3AF4bzoQ8y_w_5geu3005GipH38HHpYh3IjpYKxGZ5hJhUk6dnTaZ0dwdf2WZDgjooib6AoKBG3aQY8/s1600/acorn+butter+print.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjybjJlGANLWF1v2rcBBYrcrTfmicFPp__bLnUyPtQtSzxHDJOohMRKd3Bu6PpE3AF4bzoQ8y_w_5geu3005GipH38HHpYh3IjpYKxGZ5hJhUk6dnTaZ0dwdf2WZDgjooib6AoKBG3aQY8/s1600/acorn+butter+print.jpg" height="254" width="320" /></a></div>
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Folk motifs like acorns and leaves (above) or tulips (below) are lovely reminders of the great care taken to mark one's butter.<br />
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My colleague, Kathleen, carefully cradles the dasher churn between her knees. It is a good idea to place a clean cloth on top of the churn so that splashes of cream will not get on your hands or your apron. Kathleen is focused on the work ahead but the work ahead will take at least a couple of hours. Vigorous, rhythmic up and down motion is needed to agitate the fat molecules in the cream. Finally, a delicate yellow ball of butter is separated from a clear liquid--the buttermilk. Traditionally, this buttermilk would have been a nutritious addition to a pig's food.<br />
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Transferring the finished butter into a separate bowl where it will be pressed with a butter paddle to ensure that all liquid is out of the butter. It is at this point that one can add a light sprinkling of salt to flavour the butter. I have to say, fresh churned butter is absolutely delicious and tastes nothing like the store-bought kind!<br />
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Finished butter, ready to be printed...<br />
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The only thing missing is the bread (but that's another post)! Until then, why not check out: <a href="http://historyofbread.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">http://historyofbread.wordpress.com/</a><br />
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Coming Up: Keeping Things Cool in the 19th Century, Pt. 3: Making Cheese</td></tr>
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-75786254825378089522014-03-29T21:33:00.001-04:002014-03-29T21:35:32.131-04:00Where O Where Have You Been, My Lovely?Where have I been? I've missed updating my blog but I haven't been neglectful of our local history. Instead, I've been spending the better part of the last ten months working feverishly on the research and program delivery for my two newest local history courses at Conestoga College. After two successful terms, I am honoured to have met so many passionate local history students-some of whom are descendants of the early Pennsylvania Germans who settled this area (like me!). I have and continue to enjoy teaching others who clearly love the stories about this area. Over the next while, I shall share some of the research information that I have been busy compiling these last few months on this blog. Sometimes, I may even host a guest--perhaps a student who has conducted original research on a local history person, place or thing who wants to share his or her work. I am excited to see this unfold....<br />
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This morning, and eager for true Spring I might add, I walked up to Joseph Schneider Haus and captured several chilly but pristine shots that I thought might help me to fire up my blogging muse.......<br />
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<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-13905802791322536322013-07-22T20:07:00.000-04:002014-03-29T20:28:23.368-04:00A Trail of Two Cities: the Iron Horse Trail<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">About a month ago, I promised to
research and post an article on the Iron Horse Trail, a historic, former rail
line that effectively joins at least two local communities (the twin cities of Kitchener-Waterloo,
ON) in Waterloo Region. Although this post is coming later than sooner, my
intent is that its message will be favourably received and that it will provoke
some thought and discussion with regard to both its heritage past and its
future potential.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It would seem that historically
speaking, we take a lot for granted. Here in the western hemisphere, ours is a
culture of choice and entitlement. I say this for a number of reasons but for
the purpose of this blog post, I want to focus primarily on notions of
connectivity, travel and collective memory in the local history of Waterloo
Region. Perhaps what is most important for this </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">inquiry is the “as yet to be determined”
impact that these notions can and may have on a community’s perception of its
heritage (and, in turn, how it evaluates its heritage).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0YjVkfXkLU4ksfxeMACtkt17frPrrtbXzjRhR-NHB_ySR-C7_8bjuwxVMYy2OoH2uIROUqTzZEcFquNMFxXcDKTReEIhBOMgP2Q74Tmcef04GcUczac_MhAVEXIbjL_K4RcgnQePgPcE/s1600/industrialartifactslow+WRHF+photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0YjVkfXkLU4ksfxeMACtkt17frPrrtbXzjRhR-NHB_ySR-C7_8bjuwxVMYy2OoH2uIROUqTzZEcFquNMFxXcDKTReEIhBOMgP2Q74Tmcef04GcUczac_MhAVEXIbjL_K4RcgnQePgPcE/s320/industrialartifactslow+WRHF+photo.jpg" height="220" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Courtesy of Waterloo Regional Heritage Foundation</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Now, the Iron Horse Trail to
which I am referring is not THE Iron Horse Trail (as in, it is AN Iron Horse
Trail).....Confused? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Specifically speaking,” Iron
Horse Trails” are rail trails that have effectively been abandoned (i.e. are no
longer being used as railway lines for trains). From a heritage planning point
of view, what I particularly like about these types of trails is that they have
been adaptively re-used as recreational trails that often bypass busy urban streets
that may be crowded with cars, trucks, buses, etc. (not to mention noise and
congestion). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since most of the early rail
lines were effectively built to transect the cityscape and connect it to
another using the shortest and most efficient route possible, these trails
often pass through green belt areas that connect inner city neighbourhoods to
one another, sometimes spanning great distances that may run from one town to the
next. These iron horse trails, then, offer users a more pastoral, reflective
method of traversing their community—at their own pace that is not guided by
speed limits. For some lovely photos (and trail information) posted by Patti Kapron-Weber at <a href="http://www.century21.ca/patti.kapronweber/Blog/Iron_Horse_Trail" target="_blank">http://www.century21.ca/patti.kapronweber/Blog/Iron_Horse_Trail</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">These trails are most commonly used by hikers, strollers (i.e. people
like me who saunter</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> and enjoy the
sights while we walk), mountain bikers and depending on the season, skiers and
snowmobilers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In terms of built
heritage, the key here is that an iron horse trail is a former (i.e. adaptively
re-purposed) rail trail. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words,
there is an intentional “meaning of place” (a rail line) that has changed in
purpose over time. It has been adapted and has a specific, traceable history,
over time. This is the foundation of my research and purpose in writing this
post—to uncover and share the history, heritage and meaning of the Iron Horse
Trail that connects Kitchener-Waterloo, ON before it is altered and becomes
something different......</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Yes, you read that correctly. </span></div>
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The Iron Horse Trail is about to change its meaning of
place again as the city of Waterloo has sold some of its trail holdings (June
10, 2013) to a developer who will, following an urban planning guideline that
focuses on inner city core intensification, construct a new condo building in
the uptown core of Waterloo. 761 square metres of the Waterloo portion of the
trail that runs between Caroline and Park Streets (just south of Allen Street
West) will be diverted for the project. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
should be noted that the city’s intent is that the trail will be reconstructed between
a condo building and existing parking garage, about 50 metres south of where it
is now. For more information, see: <a href="http://www.therecord.com/news-story/3833929-iron-horse-trail-will-move-waterloo-city-council-decides/" target="_blank">http://www.therecord.com/news-story/3833929-iron-horse-trail-will-move-waterloo-city-council-decides/</a></div>
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<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-36072761150087700952013-06-03T23:31:00.000-04:002017-04-30T09:16:32.285-04:00Spring Houses: Keeping Things Cool in the 19th Century<br />
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<img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyWzxOvONwohDG4FeU4c_SQj56WImoi81sfAXfgEiVTTGs5s9YYscIKlwSvv1-NTFO7pXRnbDo707dDgp2GSaTwsMazP8976a1jd0WC62hFRrCX0mPKjuFjzoyzGEdUnXr_TDmoQ214A/s320/A8F17DFE-48AF-4318-8E29-453EA9A354E4.JPG" width="240" /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbyWzxOvONwohDG4FeU4c_SQj56WImoi81sfAXfgEiVTTGs5s9YYscIKlwSvv1-NTFO7pXRnbDo707dDgp2GSaTwsMazP8976a1jd0WC62hFRrCX0mPKjuFjzoyzGEdUnXr_TDmoQ214A/s1600/A8F17DFE-48AF-4318-8E29-453EA9A354E4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Z6vwsllLMU1-kfzKhCOgLDC04t38vJSb1eudboVxlP-kHmzbe1IHv8tUHPJlDR0pkCFXfe3hhJvj6de7D1Dw0IWf9d85Rp3qluf55eMz9INb4NjmDJBjW6Io-hwV_AJFf6NcO753PG4/s1600/4CAB8B02-7E13-4126-91F2-032DC38FEF9D.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Z6vwsllLMU1-kfzKhCOgLDC04t38vJSb1eudboVxlP-kHmzbe1IHv8tUHPJlDR0pkCFXfe3hhJvj6de7D1Dw0IWf9d85Rp3qluf55eMz9INb4NjmDJBjW6Io-hwV_AJFf6NcO753PG4/s1600/4CAB8B02-7E13-4126-91F2-032DC38FEF9D.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a>There was a time when nearly every Pennsylvania German and Mennonite farm in Waterloo County would have had one. Varying in size, design and construction there was one thing they all would have had in common: cold and fast-flowing spring water. Many of them were banked i.e. built into a hillside where temperatures were easier to control. Some were built directly over active springs whereas others simply channeled off a section of the spring and directed the flow of the water into a stone masonry channel where the water would continue to flow, unimpeded by anything in its path. The purpose of the continuous flow of cold water was eminently clear: to keep a number of things cool at a time before the advent of electricity or refrigerator.<br />
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A peek into the spring house at the Joseph Schneider Haus Museum reveals stone shelves for holding buckets, crocks and barrels that would have been needed for the task of dairying. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxOOFVGzlkbrngqEAQvIUgQl6G-qmZxDbiqCJm_cNHH2yJqbMZNJ5q36KB4lXrZV5-cIE7XXyEsyHXkHYIA2AfG28of453HQHOBQChXQCuBlSn1fyGwMU5ScdgDa-QUQCTFGsroAG6OPk/s1600/C6C503F5-E354-4617-9286-4B7D4D3F6459.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxOOFVGzlkbrngqEAQvIUgQl6G-qmZxDbiqCJm_cNHH2yJqbMZNJ5q36KB4lXrZV5-cIE7XXyEsyHXkHYIA2AfG28of453HQHOBQChXQCuBlSn1fyGwMU5ScdgDa-QUQCTFGsroAG6OPk/s400/C6C503F5-E354-4617-9286-4B7D4D3F6459.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An excellent view of the spring water channel where crocks or buckets of fresh cream or milk would be kept refreshingly cool when lowered into the water. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNzhnrVh-U8x-69UC67JFgZCl4jzNO4L5l8AjzuQ-ANSmPQcnHntGhEMuDvVHUqD6ByUMeCPfav5zP845GDQUk0UjI4csAYQD7qG_JU-l3ZzeDiT2nLlOYHabhkXVj6fsgVpESs1AW7YE/s1600/CB62600C-FF68-415C-BF56-BEC90F714D1D.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNzhnrVh-U8x-69UC67JFgZCl4jzNO4L5l8AjzuQ-ANSmPQcnHntGhEMuDvVHUqD6ByUMeCPfav5zP845GDQUk0UjI4csAYQD7qG_JU-l3ZzeDiT2nLlOYHabhkXVj6fsgVpESs1AW7YE/s320/CB62600C-FF68-415C-BF56-BEC90F714D1D.JPG" width="240" /></a><br />
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The gentle slope belies the banking technique of constructing a building into a small hill. At one time a rivulet of fresh water would have flowed freely through this channel and would have easily been able to provide a channel of water for inside the spring house. Many Pennsylvania German and Mennonite homes had used this same technique. Even barns were banked.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidhCJU7ragMnBCAsVe3dYlV37HXv4ZNk4PKKDpzAVPri-1adhcMFqjTpQd2EuTnxbA5hX4pn7lodk0DHuGypiHyFg0tgG5oMAnN3f4f3UrJfRMgvpy417I4HGrj0Dud_vj8ZldWYHkqj0/s1600/F7E40B6D-50CA-460F-BE19-7AF2B6AD4544.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidhCJU7ragMnBCAsVe3dYlV37HXv4ZNk4PKKDpzAVPri-1adhcMFqjTpQd2EuTnxbA5hX4pn7lodk0DHuGypiHyFg0tgG5oMAnN3f4f3UrJfRMgvpy417I4HGrj0Dud_vj8ZldWYHkqj0/s320/F7E40B6D-50CA-460F-BE19-7AF2B6AD4544.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
Another view of the water channel. One can see the 90 degree angle through which the water would pass. The foundation of the spring house is stone as are the floors and inner shelves. Dairying equipment such as the Mennonite cheese press(on the left) and the barrel churn (right) were typical of the types of things one might find in use. Cows were milked twice daily in the barn by the women (dairying was considered to be women's work) and the buckets of milk would be carried to the spring house. Here they would be stored for a day or two before being churned into butter or longer if used for making the soft cheeses that the Pennsylvania Germans enjoyed.<br />
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Cream would rise naturally to the top of the pan of milk and would be skimmed off and transferred to a cream crock. Once they had enough, it could be churned into butter which would normally be sold for a profit. Here both windows are open and demonstrate how they would have provided ventilation and air flow to keep the cooled air fresh, not stagnant.<br />
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Setting up the spring bench once the milk buckets were washed and rinsed. The cleaned buckets would be stored upside down to dry in the warm sun. <br />
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"Dutch doors" were doors that were split and held the advantage of being able to be closed at the bottom but open at the top. This would also help with the air flow through the building. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Milk and Cream were not the only things that needed to be kept cool. Barrels of cider could also be kept cool in the spring house.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBgHFPZd3e9w-FNvaOGFUkPUWqcv3RG5COw89v3AXmr135LwdwEOimW-Y7vqgPl8A3An-0M7b_aYRgAXPtuQpC6qKjoQ3xnOSPKr2OO4wYKq02QVTcN9ZFyilH8RiPvygkoMwfAYVUHs/s1600/D8DFF207-67BE-42EE-8F6F-C47617CFBD79.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBgHFPZd3e9w-FNvaOGFUkPUWqcv3RG5COw89v3AXmr135LwdwEOimW-Y7vqgPl8A3An-0M7b_aYRgAXPtuQpC6qKjoQ3xnOSPKr2OO4wYKq02QVTcN9ZFyilH8RiPvygkoMwfAYVUHs/s320/D8DFF207-67BE-42EE-8F6F-C47617CFBD79.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A wooden butter bowl, butter paddles and cream crocks sit along with tin buckets on the stone shelf above the water channel. In the foreground is the wooden cheese press.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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Close-up view of the barrel churn preferred by the Pennsylvania Germans. The
cream was poured into the round door and then locked. The barrel sat on
wooden legs yet inside paddles were turned to churn the butter by means
of a handle fixed to the side of the barrel. Dasher churns were preferred by the British although the Pennsylvania Germans did use them, as well. <br />
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As mentioned, the spring house was usually located near a spring or creek, however, it was often one of the furthest outbuildings from the main house. This distance also caused some frustration when a heavy rain threatened to overturn the crocks that had been lowered into them. Louisa Schneider, daughter of pioneer Joseph E. Schneider, complained about how she and her sisters would often have to run out to clean up the mess following a rainstorm when the water level would rise so quickly that it toppled over the crocks of precious cream.<br />
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Unfortunately, few examples of early spring houses remain in the Region of Waterloo. Of those that do, only dilapidated and run-down remnants are what is usually left behind. Visible from Bridge Street (formerly known as Country Squire Drive, Waterloo, Ontario) all that remains of this spring house is its shell. The date on its entrance states 1913 but it is believed that is the date of the renovation for the building when key repairs were completed--one of them being a new roof and a concrete exterior patch job that covered much of the original stone masonry.Originally located on the farm of another Schneider family (the Snyder-Gingrich family), the spring house was a fine example of banked stone construction.<br />
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A close-up view of the stone work reveals sturdy and exquisite construction. The building was indeed durable and well-made. I often forget that these men who built these were farmers, not contractors. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A boarded up window</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside, little of its former glory remain. However, one can still see the water flowing freely and quickly through the channel. It might be abandoned and forgotten but amazingly it still works!</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many spring houses had two stories with the upper chamber being used as living quarters or summer houses.Some even had working hearths. If space allowed, the upper storey could also have been used for cheese and butter making. In this abandoned spring house, the walls have been whitewashed and plastered over the stone exterior walls.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
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It is sad to see such buildings forgotten in time. My heritage conservation self is committed to preserving the memory of this building--at least in photographs. Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-32657472111931083052013-05-30T15:21:00.001-04:002014-04-07T15:32:21.736-04:00Collective Industry & Thrift, Part 2Pennsylvania Germans (colloquially known as <i>Pennsylvania Dutch</i>) are arguably best known for their strong sense of community or <i>Freundschaft</i>. No where is this exemplified more clearly than in the barn raisings that still take place today in rural areas of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and to a lesser extent, here in the Waterloo Region.<br />
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A barn raising bee or work bee is best described as a collective decision or industry whereby all able-bodied men of the community are expected to (and do) turn up to a particular location with the intent of building a barn-together. Collectively, many hands make light work AND many hands that are fed well and work for "free" are also thrifty workers (at least for the person whose barn is being constructed). Barns are requisite buildings on a farm and serve multiple purposes: housing farm animals, tools and equipment. (Some barns are also business offices for busy Mennonites who operate shops or side businesses in addition to maintaining their farm). For more information on barn raising (including photos) see:<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn_raising" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn_raising</a><br />
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Of course, there are many other kinds of working bees: whereby the workload for a project is collectively shared: butchering, cider making (apple pressing), sheep shearing and of course as we saw in the previous post, quilting.<br />
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<b>Feeding the Masses:</b><br />
As stated, then, the community shares in the workload collectively but the expectation is that they are also going to be well-fed following their work! While the men worked, so did the women--making food to feed them. All of them (sometimes, hundreds of them). But, never fear, they were up to the task.<br />
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For the most part, Pennsylvania German food is substantial fare--hearty and thrifty. To accomplish this, most early farms cultivated a kitchen garden in addition to field crops, thereby supplementing the variety of small-scale food needs for a large family.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Taking turns watering the four-square kitchen garden at Joseph Schneider Haus</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
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The kitchen garden provided herbs for cooking and medicine, vegetables and even utility plants like hops (for beer and bread yeast making) and madder root for dying wool. Every farm wife (and young woman) would have known how much food was required to feed her brood over the course of the year and would plant enough, accordingly. Even treats would have been accounted for and the ingredients to make them would be added to the larder to be used at the most auspicious times--usually for a celebration like a wedding or at Christmas. The Pennsylvania German pantry was well-stocked, indeed.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9gr8MJxjZ7_XsaMzJ_BdViklFkyNXPsZBx9pYmflw-Cn5s3eHZ9g8sXV9cRYtNU1JOwzJVs_UWwL1nv1Y0IWnNqVP37aRK5GIUj5UTh7AXCO9s7L0Tsydb0nv_NeFh9j0M5mVzmdmMl0/s1600/F6349AD3-4C3A-419D-8E47-43361F6FD3A1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9gr8MJxjZ7_XsaMzJ_BdViklFkyNXPsZBx9pYmflw-Cn5s3eHZ9g8sXV9cRYtNU1JOwzJVs_UWwL1nv1Y0IWnNqVP37aRK5GIUj5UTh7AXCO9s7L0Tsydb0nv_NeFh9j0M5mVzmdmMl0/s1600/F6349AD3-4C3A-419D-8E47-43361F6FD3A1.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Pantry or <i>Speisekammer</i> at Joseph Schneider Haus is filled with period crocks and baskets that would have been well used by the Schneider family when they lived there.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beside the coffee grinder (center) is a round coffee roaster. The roaster sits on three legs and could have been used in an open hearth or on a wood stove. The Pennsylvania Germans in Waterloo County purchased large sacks of green coffee beans and roasted/ground them as needed. They loved their coffee!</td></tr>
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Of their substantial diet, one of their favourite foods was dessert. Although pie was a later addition to their cultural foodways, once adopted, it became one of the staples on the Pennsylvania German table. To this day, Mennonites are known for the variety and quality of their delicious pies. Many of their pie fillings are (and would have been in the 19th century, as well) constructed with seasonal fruit obtained from their own garden and made simply with few ingredients. Spices such as cinnamon, allspice, nutmeg, etc. would have been relatively costly and would have been used sparingly--thrift, thrift, thrift!<br />
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<b>Some Traditional Recipes</b><br />
<br />
<u>Pie Pastry Dough</u><br />
1 lb. lard (2 cups)<br />
2 tsp salt<br />
5 1/2 cups of pastry flour<br />
1 cup of cold water (can even add ice chips to it)<br />
<br />
Method:<br />
Combine flour and salt, adding lard. Blend until mixture resembles crumbs. At this point, add cold water 1 Tbsp at a time. (Be very careful with how much water you add since too much water can weigh down the crust and make it very heavy). After each addition of water, lightly toss mixture with a fork. Combine the adding of water and tossing of mixture until the pastry holds together in a ball (this means that you may not need all of the water--altitude and seasonal weather-temperature & humidity can also affect how much water you will need). Chill until needed.<br />
Pastry for 5-6 nine inch pie plates.<br />
<br />
The next recipe will seem odd to the modern palate but bear with me.A truly undervalued and forgotten delicacy, Vinegar Pie, is both delicious and thrifty.Yes, I said Vinegar Pie (Vinegar Pie tastes a lot like a Butter Tar, Chess Pie, Treacle Tart or Pecan Pie). This is a very old recipe and indicates what a woman could do with very little at hand and comes from a time when every woman knew how to (and did) cook all of the food her family ate from scratch. In his book "<i>America Eats</i>" food historian, William Woys Weaver suggests that this pie came about when access to costlier items such as lemons were not available. Apple cider vinegar was ubiquitous in rural homesteads and being versatile and healthy eventually made its way into a pie.Some versions of the Vinegar Pie add <b>some</b> lemons and even a meringue topping (yes I have a recipe for this so if you want it, just email me). The result of this would be similar, then, to a poor man's lemon meringue pie. The Vinegar Pie version I include here today is presumably older and certainly more simple to make and the result is quite tasty. You can even add raisins or nuts, if desired.<br />
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<u>Vinegar Pie</u> <br />
1 cup cold water<br />
1 egg<br />
1 cup sugar (scant)<br />
1 tbsp apple cider vinegar<br />
1 heaping tbsp flour<br />
<br />
Method:<br />
Beat together eggs, sugar and flour. Add vinegar and cold water. Flavour with freshly grated nutmeg to taste. this makes enough filling for two 9 inch pies. Be very careful as the filling is quite liquid-y (what a word!). I might even suggest putting the pastry lined pans in the oven first and then adding the liquid filling to them to avoid spills. Bake at 350 degrees F. until done (check often, will vary according to your oven). Filling will be set and not runny when done.<br />
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<u>Lemon Sponge Pie</u> (speaking of lemons, another old Pennsylvania recipe)<br />
Pastry for one 9 inch pie<br />
<br />
1 cup white sugar<br />
2 tbsp butter<br />
3 eggs, separated<br />
3 tablespoons of flour<br />
1/2 tsp salt<br />
Juice and grated rind of 1 lemon<br />
1 cup of milk<br />
<br />
Method:<br />
Cream butter, adding the sugar and egg yolks. Beat well until stiff and set aside. Add the flour, salt,lemon juice and rind as well as the milk. Fold in the stiffly beaten egg whites and pour into an unbaked pie shell. Bake at 350 degrees F. for 45 minutes or so. Check often--should be set when done.<br />
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The next pie, I am including as a prelude to butter tarts. Sugar Pie or <i>Tarte de Sucre</i> is an old but common recipe for a pie that is still popular in Quebec, Canada to this day.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi66S2S6OZaHEevUgb4KLyYyTM_QmzOhyphenhyphenKheWNRC8OCBdJXh050O9TvyOPtolQFQ7zRrqZxN4x4hMhItpPrm9OsBoQTIpWmcMhRG6lp7T8WTCzbqKhDec3t4EX5cY0k-WX08AEucywDNoY/s1600/sugarpieslice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi66S2S6OZaHEevUgb4KLyYyTM_QmzOhyphenhyphenKheWNRC8OCBdJXh050O9TvyOPtolQFQ7zRrqZxN4x4hMhItpPrm9OsBoQTIpWmcMhRG6lp7T8WTCzbqKhDec3t4EX5cY0k-WX08AEucywDNoY/s1600/sugarpieslice.jpg" height="231" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This photo shows a slice of Sugar Pie, accompanied by a scoop of French Vanilla ice cream and a generous dollop of whipped cream to boot! <a href="http://frenchfood.about.com/od/frenchcookingtechniques/ss/sugarpie.htm" target="_blank">http://frenchfood.about.com/od/frenchcookingtechniques/ss/sugarpie.htm</a></td></tr>
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<u>Sugar Pie</u><br />
According to tradition, the oldest version of this pie supposedly contained only three ingredients<br />
and was supposed to be mixed right in the pie pan, with the filling stirred by a finger.<br />
<br />
Filling:<br />
1 cup brown sugar - packed (but not too tightly)<br />
1 tbsp flour<br />
Half a pint of whipping cream minus 2 tablespoons (200 ml)<br />
<br />
Another Sugar Pie version (complete with video):<br />
<a href="http://allrecipes.com/recipe/quebec-city-sugar-pie-with-thick-cream/" target="_blank">http://allrecipes.com/recipe/quebec-city-sugar-pie-with-thick-cream/</a><br />
<br />
What all of these pies have in common is that they are relatively simple to make with ingredients that a pioneer or early settler would have had on hand or had access to (Yes I am thinking about the lemons. These would have been pricey but accessible if you were willing or able to pay the price for them hence the use of such ingredients as vinegar, eggs and in the case of the sugar pie--maple syrup). This brings me to a Canadian classic--the butter tart.<br />
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Now, my grandmother's recipe for butter tarts is a little different from some that I have found while doing research. Many of the recipes are quite overly sweet, I find, but my grandmother used vinegar in her filling which is similar to the historic pie previously mentioned. I grew up with this and to me I prefer its taste over the cloyingly sweet ones that many a grocery store bakery tries to pawn off. What is interesting is that the magazine <i>Canadian Living </i>deemed a version of this recipe as being the "Best Butter Tarts" (It is very similar to our family recipe except we did not add coconut to ours, preferring the plain filling. Sometimes, depending upon the taste of the person they were made for, my mother would add raisins or nuts. I like them plain and a little drippy)!<br />
<a href="http://www.canadianliving.com/food/baking_and_desserts/best_butter_tarts.php" target="_blank">http://www.canadianliving.com/food/baking_and_desserts/best_butter_tarts.php</a><br />
<br />
Another similar version with how-to pictures:<br />
<a href="http://www.acanadianfoodie.com/2010/01/09/butter-tarts/" target="_blank">http://www.acanadianfoodie.com/2010/01/09/butter-tarts/</a><br />
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Enjoy!<br />
<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-81723424321852495072013-05-24T14:41:00.003-04:002014-04-07T15:31:52.499-04:00Of Mennonite Quilts & Shoo-fly Pie: Thrift and Collective Industry,Part 1<br />
For many residents and visitors to the Region of Waterloo, the Old Order Mennonites are a familiar presence--especially in and around Kitchener-Waterloo and many of the northern tip (of the Waterloo Region) towns and rural area communities (e.g. Elmira, St. Jacobs, Floradale, Wallenstein, etc.). To be clear, there are many different practicing divisions of Mennonites to be found locally such as modern Mennonites, Markham, Russian and Mexican Mennonites and among the Old Orders there are also the David Martin Mennonites. To add to the confusion, we also can count a small but significant proportion of Amish, as well. Suffice it to say, the Mennonites have endowed this region with a rich and lasting cultural heritage, leaving a mark on many of us who are the descendants of the early settlers (my own family settled here in 1802 and were from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania). Throughout this blog, I have focused particularly on the 19th century Mennonite migration to this area and their subsequent and continuing contribution to this community. Many of these contributions are to the economy and built heritage of the region. Other contributions include cultural heritage. Today's blogpost will examine two of their most powerful and enduring traits that prevail to this day: thrift and collective industry.<br />
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The Pennsylvania Germans were known for their thrifty ways. In no way is this more exemplified than in their re-purposing of old clothing. Nothing, I mean nothing, that could be reused was ever thrown away (we could do well today to learn from their example...). All sorts of cloth-ends that were no longer useable for clothing could be cut, matched and sewn together (re-purposed!) to form some of the loveliest (and warm) quilts imaginable.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joseph Schneider Haus Museum: the Parents' Bedroom or "<i>the Kammer"</i></td></tr>
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In the cradle, a lovely quilt is ready to warm a tired baby. The cradle is a Schneider artifact and is from Joseph's brother's (Jacob or<i> 'Yoch"</i>) side of the family.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the sitting room (<i>"Sitzstub"</i>) of the Joseph Schneider Haus, a petticoat is on the old quilt frame and awaits a deft hand (and a young student).
Quilted petticoats were worn underneath a woman's dress as underwear to
keep the woman warm in inclement weather (and unheated houses). When it
was really cold outside, a woman would wear multiple petticoats at a
time.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Working alone is not as much fun as sharing the workload with friends and family.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At the Joseph Schneider Haus, Mennonite ladies still gather each year to quilt. The quilt is finished in a day and then raffled off the next year, following a display of the fine work involved. When they meet, the ladies enjoy a lively conversation (often in <i>Plattdeutsch,</i> their dialect) and are also known to sing while they work to pass the time.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many skilled hands make light and beautiful work</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Take a moment and look at some of the quilts on display behind the ladies. May 25, 2013 is the annual Mennonite Relief Charity Quilt Auction. These quilts will make the journey from their display at Joseph Schneider Haus to the Auction in New Hamburg, Ontario. All have been donated by skilled and passionate quilters. Some quilts have even fetched upwards of thousands of dollars each--with all the proceeds going to charity!</td></tr>
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Mmmmmmm Pie!</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisieDevOpZeFk3hnTuqH4EldZBiOZq7vEx0FCYT5J4nNTAmRITkCP38_x0gsrYZiUJVwb-G-Nvmx2lSJb3SAqIlEFfiVJzn2knqEtp4pJDXB1cTA1HxKQZmd0hoRU87xOkmBx_57GT1TA/s1600/Shoo_Fly_Pie_Recipe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisieDevOpZeFk3hnTuqH4EldZBiOZq7vEx0FCYT5J4nNTAmRITkCP38_x0gsrYZiUJVwb-G-Nvmx2lSJb3SAqIlEFfiVJzn2knqEtp4pJDXB1cTA1HxKQZmd0hoRU87xOkmBx_57GT1TA/s320/Shoo_Fly_Pie_Recipe.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After the work is done, it is time for a shared snack.The Pennsylvania Germans, especially the Mennonites and the Amish are known for their distinct adaptation of traditional German foods. Although pie is more of a British food invention, the Pennsylvania Germans were quick to adapt what they saw their British neighbours doing and soon pies were included along with the German coffee cakes. Shoo-fly Pie is an excellent example of such adaptations.</td></tr>
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Pennsylvania German food is hearty and delicious but did you know that for the most part it is also thrifty? The Pa. German housewife used every part of the animal and scrap of food she could and was known for her ability to feed large numbers of people with home made bread, buns, cakes, soups, sausages and hams. Eventually, the food repertoire expanded to include the Pennsylvania German adaptation of other cultures such as pie. <br />
<br />
<b>Shoo-fly Pie </b><br />
This recipe calls for butter or margarine but the original versions would have included butter or "lard" as lard was a treasured by-product of the pork-rich diet of the Pennsylvania Germans (much like their German forebears)<br />
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Apparently, Shoo-fly Pie is a mystery pie and of this, its origin is a hotly debated topic.According to whom you speak, many theories of its humble beginning abound. Shoo-fly Pie is a sort of coffee cake, gooey at the bottom and situated inside of pastry. Its advantage is that it is a thrifty pie to make and it can be eaten with one hand holding it (in this way, as a portable snack, as it were, it could theoretically be carried out to a farmer who was working his fields to enjoy without the need for a plate or cutlery). Traditionally, the Pennsylvania Germans loved their pies and often ate them at every meal (yes, you read that right!). Shoo-fly Pie was often enjoyed as a breakfast dish, served with coffee. William Woys Weaver, noted food historian and ethnographer of Pennsylvania German foodways, tells us in "<i>Pennsylvania Dutch Country Cooking</i>" that the Shoo-fly Pie is a relatively recent creation, dating
only as far back as the Philadelphia centennial celebration of 1876 where its first incarnation was as a cake. Weaver claims the
name of this cake, the "Centennial Cake," gave way to "Granger Pie" and later, "Shoo-fly Pie"
after the recipe reached the "Pennsylvania Dutch" region. (Along this line, it has been said that the pie got its name from one of its key ingredients, namely, the brand of molasses used at the time of its creation: Shoo-fly Molasses). Others, still, have speculated that the pie (like the molasses) got their names from the flies that frequented the sticky sweet goodness of the molasses who were shooed away.<br />
<br />
Of the things upon which its adherents agree, the pie <b>must</b> contain molasses to be an authentic Shoo-fly regardless of which version you choose to make: Wet-Bottom or Dry-Bottom. The pie is a sturdy one and another of its advantages is that it stays moist and lasts (potentially if it isn't immediately eaten) longer than some other traditional berry or fruit pies. There is even a cake version that eschews the crust (see below):<br />
<br />
A Shoo-fly Cake Recipe, from Phyllis Pellman Good<br />
<br />
<b>SHOO-FLY CAKE</b><br />
Preparation time: 25 minutes<br />
Cooking time: 40 minutes<br />
Yield: 9 servings<br />
<i>"This
close kin to Shoo-fly Pie has no crust," Good writes in
"The Best of Amish Cooking." "Consequently, it can be put together more
quickly. The crumb topping and gooey bottom made an icing unnecessary."</i><br />
<br />
4 cups flour (2 cups whole-wheat flour and 2 cups white flour, if desired)<br />
2 cups packed brown sugar<br />
1 cup (2 sticks) butter<br />
2 cups boiling water<br />
1 cup molasses<br />
2 teaspoons baking soda<br />
1.
Heat oven to 350 degrees. Combine flour and sugar in large bowl. Cut in
butter using pastry blender. Set aside 1 1/2 cups crumbs for topping.<br />
2. Mix water, molasses and baking soda in medium bowl; add to crumb mixture. Mix until batter is evenly mixed but lumpy.<br />
3.
Pour into greased and floured 13- by 9-inch baking pan. Sprinkle with
reserved crumbs. Bake until wooden pick inserted in center comes out
clean, 35 to 40 minutes. Cool.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>My Recipe for Shoofly Pie</b> <b>(This would be known as a "Wet-Bottom" Shoofly Pie)</b><br />
<br />
Bottom Part:<br />
1 cup of molasses (I use 1/2 cup molasses and 1/2 cup of maple syrup because my family likes the taste of it AND because it adds a Canadian twist to this classic)<br />
1/2 tsp. baking soda dissolved in<br />
3/4 cup of boiling water<br />
pinch of salt<br />
<br />
Dissolve the baking soda in the boiling water, stirring well as it foams. Add the remaining molasses mixture and salt. Stir and pour into a prepared and unbaked pie crust (9 inch pie pan).<br />
<br />
Top Part, Crumb Mixture:<br />
1 1/2 cups of flour<br />
1 tsp. ground cinnamon<br />
1 tsp. freshly ground nutmeg<br />
1 cup brown sugar<br />
3/4 cup of softened butter or lard<br />
<br />
Mix ingredients and crumb together. Moving in a clock-wise fashion and starting from the center of the pie plate, distribute/sprinkle the crumbs in a spiral fashion over the liquid. When you are finished, the entire liquid should be covered and the crumbs should be evenly distributed over the top of the pie. Bake at 375 degrees F. for about 30 to 40 minutes. Let it cool completely and serve with a generous(!) dollop of whipped cream.<br />
Enjoy!<br />
<br />
For a further look at this classic, see: <br />
<a href="http://lbaer.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/LBaer-EdibleChesapake-Shoofly-Summer-09.pdf" target="_blank">http://lbaer.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/LBaer-EdibleChesapake-Shoofly-Summer-09.pdf </a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2012/07/a-modernist-likes-old-fashioned-dessert.html" target="_blank">http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2012/07/a-modernist-likes-old-fashioned-dessert.html</a><br />
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<br />
<b>(Coming up next, Part Two--- because you asked me to....Butter Tarts and Sugar Pie---oh, and more about thrift and collective industry)!</b>Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-72888358333021976752013-05-07T12:44:00.002-04:002014-04-07T15:31:20.479-04:00Woolley WondersSheep to Shawl Weekend at Joseph Schneider Haus<br />
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I thought it might be nice if I posted a few pictures from May 4 and 5th since these are the types of things that fill my weekend endeavours when I am not researching, writing or teaching. I love living history interpretation for its sense of seasonality--what is interpreted is what [potentially] could/would have been done at any particular time of the year.<br />
<br />
If this sounds confusing, look at it this way: today, in the 21st century we are pampered and spoiled insofar as we can buy just about any fresh produce we want to in the stores--regardless of whether or not it is in season e.g. strawberries, lettuce or tomatoes are now available in the store all year round. They are NOT available out of our northern gardens in the winter as many of our gardens are covered in snow! You get the idea.<br />
<br />
This
past weekend at the museum, Joseph Schneider Haus, we hosted a spinning
and weaving competition with local guild members and as staff, we were
busy with other seasonal pursuits: shearing sheep (well we didn't do
that but had guest farmers in who did), processing fleece into wool and
even baking some cookies! The weather was absolutely spectacular!<br />
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Once the sheep arrived, it was time to get the shearing underway:<br />
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I am told that the best way to shear a sheep is to put it into a sitting position. This way there is more control for the person shearing and less chance of a mishap for the sheep if it tries to wriggle away from the shears.<br />
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Mission accomplished!<br />
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Hannah and I surveyed the results. A lovely fleece and full of wonderful lanolin. (Surprisingly, also rather "clean" compared to others that I have seen).<br />
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I know what to do with this one! I'm taking it home to process....In the meantime, Kyle and some other staff members and Junior Interpreters will process one of the other fleeces that we have.<br />
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Picking and carding the wool.....<br />
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Elsewhere, in the wash house, spinning wheels were spinning....<br />
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And in the hearth of the wash house, a dye bath was bubbling....Nice work!!<br />
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Revealed, lovely spring colours, drying in the sun!<br />
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In the historic house, I was baking up some sunshine of my own on the woodstove. Sandheart cookies! Yum!<br />
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Above, our historic step stove with bake oven visible on the right at the top (the oval door). Step stoves were considered to be quite the innovation from cooking on the floor of an open hearth.<br />
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The Joseph Schneider family who once lived on this farm (see previous post) sheared thirty sheep each year. Since the fleece of one sheep provided enough wool to accomodate the clothing needs for one person (and there were ten people living in the house at that time), twenty fleeces could be sold for a small but lucrative profit.<br />
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<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-42290189279511073392013-05-02T19:15:00.000-04:002014-04-08T08:38:39.224-04:00A Tale of Two Schneiders<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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I am always thrilled when people take an interest in local
history. What is unfortunate is that local history is not always so accurate
beyond local legend or “myth-tory.”</div>
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Take the example of two familiar figures in the local
history record and lore. Both were known to have made significant contributions
to our growing community in its infancy. Both men are the ancestors of hundreds
of descendants—many of whom, still live and work in and around the Waterloo
Region. The problem?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both men share the
same last name and are NOT related although many think that they are OR that
the two men are the SAME man. The answer is a resounding “NO.”</div>
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Many local residents of (and visitors to) Waterloo Region
are familiar with the name “Schneider.” “Schneider,” itself, is a very common
German surname—much like “Smith” or “Leblanc” or “Gonzalez” would be to their
respective culture groups. Deriving from the verb <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">schneiden </i>(to cut), a Schneider (German nouns are always
capitalized) is a “tailor” or literally someone who cuts [something].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since many surnames are cultural relics of a
time gone by when a person’s name reflected what he did (and yes, usually it
was a male), neither of these two men were tailors. One was a farmer although
both grew up on a farm, both were businessmen, and one was an injured factory
worker who changed careers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither man
was related although they were neighbours at one point. Both were men of faith
and one of them was a deacon in his church. Confused? I will explain.... </div>
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If you have read this blog, you know that the first group of
settlers arrived here in 1800. These settlers consisted mostly (but not all) of
Pa. German Mennonites who had made the long journey here from Pennsylvania in
search of good (and reasonably priced) farmland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had not been persecuted and had not come
here as a result of a war. They were, for the most part, farmers. Most of these
farmers also possessed valuable (albeit secondary) trade skills that enabled
them to augment their income by providing them with the means to earn money
during the year when farming was not immediately profitable. Among these
trades, one found cabinet makers, blacksmiths, distillers, millers, coopers,
etc. Some even rented out their oxen and wagons for other purposes such as
transporting goods over difficult terrain or for plowing fields and removing
tree stumps (this is something that occurred in Waterloo Region during the War
of 1812 but—that is another blog post....).</div>
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In 1807, one of these Mennonite farmers, Joseph Schneider
(the elder and pioneer from Lancaster, Pa.) settled in Berlin on Lot GCT17 (in
what is now downtown Kitchener, ON) on a tract of land that originally
consisted of 448 acres. I have written more about him in previous posts but I
will re-iterate some of it again for posterity’s sake. The
boundaries of Joseph’s 448 acre farm extend to (on the eastern side) to King
Street, south approximately as far as to Stirling Avenue, west to between
Westmount Road and Fischer-Hallman Road and to the north, approximately almost up
to the edge of Victoria Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today,
all that remains of the original farm is less than an acre, consisting mostly
of the Joseph Schneider Haus Museum & Gallery. A National Historic Site,
the museum is owned and operated by the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3iSMHSggWR3uT-MezHve2MLSIJoeOV-Mzxc0GUqu8FBMB_v97p1X0sOLbMlOhzp1MiMPxgLDRC4OhgjOrn5JOqYjAZkl3umtk0yLvfIjiEMVhjpN4Ui86wJ2DgpmoMfijzG212O4HDGQ/s1600/jsh-schneider-homestead.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3iSMHSggWR3uT-MezHve2MLSIJoeOV-Mzxc0GUqu8FBMB_v97p1X0sOLbMlOhzp1MiMPxgLDRC4OhgjOrn5JOqYjAZkl3umtk0yLvfIjiEMVhjpN4Ui86wJ2DgpmoMfijzG212O4HDGQ/s1600/jsh-schneider-homestead.jpg" /></a></div>
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A View of the Joseph Schneider Homestead c.1890's</div>
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Joseph Schneider’s farm prospered and part of his success
came from the saw mill enterprise that he had established some years after he
first began to farm the land—some sources say that this might have been as
early as 1816, just before the permanent Schneider farm house (that we know
today as the living history museum) was constructed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, for the purpose of this blog post,
we are more concerned with the second generation of Schneiders who lived in the
farm house. Joseph Schneider had two sons who happened to be twins: Joseph E.
Schneider and his brother Moses E. Schneider (“E” for Eby, their mother’s
maiden name). </div>
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In the Mennonite tradition, the youngest son was usually the
one who took over control of the family farm. In this case, we know that Moses,
who was a day younger than Joseph E., married and moved several miles west of
the Schneider family farmstead. It was Joseph E., Moses’s twin brother, who took
over the family farm and it was he who raised his family there—preferring to
operate the mill and conduct business rather than farm, although he also
continued to work the land for a number of years until his two sons were grown.
The elder Schneider retained control over most of his original tract until
Joseph E. took over but, along with his brother-in-law Bishop Benjamin Eby, the
elder Schneider had already sold some smaller portions of his 448 acres to
local businessmen in the early 1830’s. (Most of the land he sold ran along King
Street between Queen and Ontario Streets—in and around where the present-day
Walper Hotel is today). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
brother-in-law Benjamin Eby’s land was adjacent to Joseph’s and today would be
across the other side of King Street, facing Joseph’s land.</div>
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As stated, Joseph E. Schneider continued to work the farm
and sawmill for many years following his father’s death in 1843. He went on to
raise seven girls and two boys in the large Georgian-style home that serves
today as a living history museum. Joseph began his life as a Mennonite but over
the years, as a liberal-minded but devout man of God, he was deeply affected by
the religio-political tensions that threatened to split the Mennonites into
different groups—whereby some adherents espoused a strong conservative biblical
(read literal) interpretation and others, a more liberal or “modern” interpretation.
(It should be noted that at this point in time, there were no Old Order
Mennonites, only Mennonites). As technology and scientific discoveries advanced,
there were those among the Mennonites who regarded science and technology as
ideologies that promoted a prideful existence, closely akin to consumerism and
materialism—something most Mennonites believed was counter-intuitive to God’s biblical
mandate for humility and detachment from the material wealth of this world.</div>
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Joseph was born in 1810 (three years after his parents had
arrived in Canada) and grew up on the family farm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was raised Mennonite but by the time of
his death in 1880, he had left the Mennonite church and became a member of the
Brethren, for whom he served as a deacon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His was a life well-lived and well respected. As a deacon in his church,
his Queen Street home was often the scene of many happy community gatherings.
In their diaries, his children--daughter Lousia especially--spoke highly (and
fondly) of him and referred to his kind and loving nature when they needed
comfort. Today, the museum reflects the home of Joseph E. Schneider as it would
have been in 1856—the second generation of Pennsylvania German farmers who
prospered and contributed to the early growth and settlement of the area. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizrkWhUVN6qTNkoCAgrM1S9F6zH5ap3jRhsLPYIuer_QYdxBiHz2BpcqDVItoPSW9ZIy0WLB-ewhPWGpDNJwMEqOQo3xFfNeAgPMY_wJHa4sfpq_PLbVTQvqm1-NA2MKpXm-o_bHMbJEE/s1600/joseph+schneider+haus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizrkWhUVN6qTNkoCAgrM1S9F6zH5ap3jRhsLPYIuer_QYdxBiHz2BpcqDVItoPSW9ZIy0WLB-ewhPWGpDNJwMEqOQo3xFfNeAgPMY_wJHa4sfpq_PLbVTQvqm1-NA2MKpXm-o_bHMbJEE/s320/joseph+schneider+haus.jpg" height="208" width="320" /></a></div>
Joseph Schneider Haus Museum & Gallery Today<br />
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Indeed, the 1830’s and ‘40’s had brought significant changes
to the ever-expanding community of Berlin, ON. Over time, more and more
factories and manufacturing shops had been established and provided a steady
supply of work for the influx of European immigrants to the area—many of whom
were German-speaking, just like their Pennsylvania German neighbours. One of
these immigrants was 16 yr old Johann Christoff Schneider who arrived in Berlin,
ON in 1847 (just four short years after the elder Joseph Schneider had passed
away). Christoff was from a village near Baden, Germany and had been drawn to
the area by its reputation for the availability of good work opportunties and
its large German-speaking population. Young Christoff found work as a carpenter
and later as a mechanic. In 1857, he married a local woman, Anna Elizabeth Metz,
and established himself as a successful contractor a year later (1858). Christoph
contributed to the built heritage of Berlin and helped to construct some of the
notable business buildings of the era—notably the Waterloo County Court House
and the Breithaupt Tanneries. Their first child of seven, a son, was born in
1859. His name was John Metz Schneider or as he is more commonly known locally—JM
Schneider.</div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">**Note: It is interesting to note that although he was
making a living as a contractor, Christophe purchased a 100-acre farm in 1860
(in the area that is now the Victoria/Lawrence St. area of Kitchener, ON which
would have placed it just beyond the boundary of Joseph Schneider’s farm). Over
time, Christophe cleared his land and spent the next thirty-seven years on it as
a farmer. He was a founding member of the Church of the New Jerusalem, a
Swedenborgian congregation, joining the likes of John Hoffman (see earlier
post). According to his obituary in 1900, Christophe was politically “a staunch
supporter of Reform principles.” These are significant facts insofar as JM
Schneider was clearly influenced by his father’s example: politically, JM was a
forward thinking man and spiritually, he was a practicing follower of the
Church of the New Jerusalem. I say “practicing” because JM, espousing his faith
and its teachings, was also known for his humanitarian work— both in his
community and with regard to the treatment of his meat packing plant employees
(see below for details). </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfXNJD7pTHOjVa8wXFpEnkUMAYqoy6ZClPaiZYGCkBX06UO8RajVfupmVoXt_K8uPSoGciQYBy14hI4X2FZqeLeX_PctZh9ajdbRwbYHHHEEz_44cPcnO8KfyFB2dWYqzJ-sNiMcJW7AE/s1600/jm+schneider+young+man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfXNJD7pTHOjVa8wXFpEnkUMAYqoy6ZClPaiZYGCkBX06UO8RajVfupmVoXt_K8uPSoGciQYBy14hI4X2FZqeLeX_PctZh9ajdbRwbYHHHEEz_44cPcnO8KfyFB2dWYqzJ-sNiMcJW7AE/s1600/jm+schneider+young+man.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> John Metz Schneider</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a child, John Metz (JM) Schneider, also grew up on his
family’s farm, doing chores and no doubt assisting with the butchering and
dressing of hogs and other livestock. While I do not feel that it is fitting to
call him a butcher by trade, one can certainly make the argument that he
learned his valuable meat processing skills from the ground up and from
actually doing the work. As a young man, he found work as an assembly-line
worker at the Dominion Button Works Factory, working a 10-hour day/6 days a
week for the sum of $1.00/day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1883,
at age 24, JM married a local girl, Helena Ahrens and they began to raise a
family. Three years later (1886), JM injured his hand at work and he was forced
to stay home for a month. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With a family to feed during a time when there were no
social programs to assist injured workers,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>JM, his wife and his mother began to grind meat and make sausages from a
family recipe right in his own home kitchen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the beginning, he sold these sausages door-to-door in order to
survive but after returning to work in the factory, he would come home and
together they would work into the night making sausages to fill orders for a
growing clientele. In time, he was able to sell his sausages to local market
butchers and grocers until he was eventually able to quit work at the factory
in 1890 and launch his full-time meat packing business. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">His home became the centre of production but by 1891 a two
and a half story structure was erected near his home on Courtland Avenue (which
was located just around the corner from the Joseph Schneider Haus Museum). In
time his operation expanded and continued to prosper. During the Depression, many
businesses lost money and went out of business. Schneider was also hard hit by
the Depression but was not deterred. He came up with a plan and appealed to his
workers. By enlisting the help of his employees he (and his son, who by now was
also working with him in the family business) were able to reduce some of their
overall operating costs, thereby keeping his meat packing plant employees working—
even when other businesses had closed. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JM Schneider was always a hands-on boss and continued to
show up for work every single day well into his ‘80’s until his death in 1942
at the age of 83. His sons followed him into the meat packing business. For more information, see the link below.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span> </div>
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<a href="http://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/a-look-back-at-schneiders-in-kitchener-1.714431" target="_blank">CTV News Report: A Look Back at Schneiders in Kitchener</a></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-28288818194030061272013-04-09T15:24:00.000-04:002014-04-08T08:39:30.578-04:00Waterloo Park & The Designation of the Log Schoolhouse<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">After my last blog post about Maple Syrup, I have to confess that I have really been getting cabin fever. This year, it seems that the arrival of Spring is overdue and like many I am longing to take a sunny walk in the park--in this case, Waterloo Park (formerly known as West Side Park). It has also been nearly a year since the former 1820 log schoolhouse was designated as a heritage building (April 23, 2012). To this end and while I am waxing nostalgic, I believe that it is also fitting to reminisce about what happened to the schoolhouse following its final move to the park in 1893.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A Little History of West Side Park</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">On August 1, 1890, the Waterloo Board of Trade met in council chambers
with the expressed purpose of purchasing land in order to establish a public
park. Their neighbours in Berlin had already established a park—albeit a small
one known aptly as “Town Park”—on Queen Street South, almost 20 years earlier
but it had not been “developed and few citizens ever used it” (mills, 1996: 7).
The Jacob Eby farm in Waterloo was the preferred choice for a location as it
met all the requirements: it was centrally located, it lay beside a mill dam
that would lend itself, upon reconstruction, to boating as a family leisure
activity on Silver Lake and there was an expanse of land that “could be
converted into athletic grounds for various sports” (Zavaros, 1990: 83). A Park
Board of Management was formed from existing Board of Trade members and in
December 1890, the town of Waterloo,
assisted by the Board of Trade, effectively purchased Jacob Eby’s 60 acre farm
from his widow, Elizabeth, for the sum of $74.00 an acre (Ibid: 85).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The Eby farm was initially considered to be an undeveloped and "rough-looking" expanse that sloped towards a man-made mill pond (the remains of the former 1816 grist mill pond of Abraham Erb and what we know today as Silver Lake). It was obvious that a great deal of work would be needed to transform this farmland and work began to formulate a park plan to manage the land development. A park superintendent was hired at a salary of $30.00/month and as part of his employment, was allowed to live in the former Eby farmhouse with his family.</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1Z8VSM6N-ovEt2psKAYQSNa86IVWsri9CH-rHVH0rFBZMj2MGZ7twyTKDCqcLg8fadhiMpaMAdOsTeq4t1B0ufTyyKvb-wJZyG8se3mi4D0HwPyN-S2KqCqHZ8Uyjsy53vMc7SNFQ4U/s1600/Eby+farmhouse+cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1Z8VSM6N-ovEt2psKAYQSNa86IVWsri9CH-rHVH0rFBZMj2MGZ7twyTKDCqcLg8fadhiMpaMAdOsTeq4t1B0ufTyyKvb-wJZyG8se3mi4D0HwPyN-S2KqCqHZ8Uyjsy53vMc7SNFQ4U/s320/Eby+farmhouse+cropped.jpg" height="176" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> The Eby Farmhouse Today</span><br />
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7, 1893 over “8,600 loads of earth had been moved from the east side to the
hill”
and over “2, 000 trees were planted in rows and groves” (Ibid: 86). In time,
tennis courts, bicycle tracks and even an underground plumbing system were
installed (for watering the expanse of lawns). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It should be noted that the timing of
the park’s creation was anything but random. Nor was it a response to the fact
that Berlin already had its own park (well maybe a little but certainly not the
only reason). For the answer, one must look well beyond Waterloo Township...</span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; tab-stops: 205.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While it was true that ordinary citizens (here and abroad) were enjoying more leisure time than previous generations and were searching for ways and places in which they could spend that time, something much larger was happening--an international "revolution" was taking place. The drivers of that revolution, arguably, were the city planners and architects who were responsible for managing urban development changes that were happening in towns and cities all over the world. These changes (or perhaps a better word would be "challenges") involved finding ways to respond to urban and social growth problems such as higher birth rates, increased migration from small towns and rural areas into cities that were vastly overcrowded and short on inner city housing. Although this is not happen to the same extent in this area of Waterloo Region, in Europe and beyond, urban populations continued to grow exponentially and available inner city land for affordable housing was becoming increasingly scarce. In some areas, slums and crowded tenements (especially in England and other parts of Europe) became a breeding ground for devastating social problems—domestic abuse, other forms of violence and most certainly, deadly diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; tab-stops: 205.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; tab-stops: 205.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
response, municipal officials began to re-think how and in what way urban space
was being constructed and used in city planning. Working together with
municipal officials, planners and architects were redesigning cities (and on a
smaller scale, towns) to make them more beautiful,
more accessible and more affordable. Movements such as the “Garden City
Movement” in Britain were followed by the “City Beautiful Movement” in North
America and at their core was the desire (and belief) that proper urban design
could achieve a revitalized ideal urban work/live space that cleaned up inner
city decay and overcrowding while providing an affordable, manageable and safe
city where people could live.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6051863037014552421#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""></a>
One of the more famous names associated with the design of beautiful city parks
was Frank Law Olmstead (a landscape architect) who, along with his business
partner and fellow architect, Calvert Vaux, created and designed New York’s
famous Central Park (1859), Chicago’s Riverside Park (beginning in 1872) and
many others.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6051863037014552421#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""></a></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These architectural movements were pivotal in
shaping the aesthetic consciousness of the municipal fathers in many towns in
Great Britain, Australia and North America and as such, affected urban space
and park design strategies well into the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. Local park development in Waterloo Region was also affected and West Side Park in Waterloo was no exception.</span></span></div>
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<br />
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construction and design work, West Side Park (Waterloo Park) officially opened
in August 1893 but it was not yet finished. Over time, many structures
continued to be added to the park’s function and aesthetic. As we know, one of
these structures was the 1820 log schoolhouse.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">By the turn of the 20th century, people with more free time continued to
visit the new Waterloo Park, both in search of pleasant leisure activities but
also for its “attractions.” The park boasted bicycle tracks (cycling was as
popular then as it is today), an athletic field, tennis courts, swimming in
Silver Lake, extensive manicured gardens and even picnic facilities that
included outdoor cookhouses—not to mention that as early as 1905 there was also
a zoo. Woldemar Neufeld, a well-known local Mennonite painter, loved to paint
the world around him. He also took an interest in the park as well as the
school, painting a picture of one of the ever-popular toboggan runs or
“glissoires” that was once adjacent to the school throughout the 1920’s (and
well into the 1950’s). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Over the first few years, the park and its attractions continued to
grow—in quantity and diversity. Jacob Stroh, an early archaeologist and
historian in the region donated two aboriginal stones that he had found. They were placed in front of and adjacent to the schoolhouse—both were aboriginal grindstones but had been
used for different purposes. Stroh had discovered the first one at Gennies’
Springs, north of Conestoga, Ontario and surmised that it had been used to
sharpen tomahawks and other stone implements (Wells<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>1928:22-23). The second stone, having been found at Surarus
Springs on the Huron Road (2 miles south of Mannheim, ON), had two sides—the
first one was flat and would have been used to grind corn, nuts and other food
while the second side was polished and smooth and would have been used to dress
furs for clothing (Ibid). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Stroh was well know for his ability to collect all
sorts of pertinent, historical artefacts, no matter how unusual. In addition to
the grindstones, above, in 1910 he had also “rescued” an old-growth oak tree
stump that had been discovered near the Conestoga River bottom flats, near St.
Jacobs, ON and presented it the park. Its was estimated to be about 700 years
old and its size was massive compared to the trees we see today—18 ft. in
circumference and 6 ft. 7 in. In diameter.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQoVD3VSwV0PSk3TQ1rGLWCUOkloA-lWWH5taj8KRoq4R-PjPkJE6HC8OGpRsyK4hDjWYbbYxdjZNB_tdCIi4yuQO_5XW0o27vaTKJEhDDMk0BBTxaxw1FNZsqhnbH9xIau4rCYfhjT9g/s1600/picture+showing+more+plaques+and+old+tree+stump.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQoVD3VSwV0PSk3TQ1rGLWCUOkloA-lWWH5taj8KRoq4R-PjPkJE6HC8OGpRsyK4hDjWYbbYxdjZNB_tdCIi4yuQO_5XW0o27vaTKJEhDDMk0BBTxaxw1FNZsqhnbH9xIau4rCYfhjT9g/s320/picture+showing+more+plaques+and+old+tree+stump.jpg" height="154" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">For years it sat in the park next to the old
schoolhouse, covered by a little roof that was built to protect it (The Free
Press, October 28, 1950). </span>When renovation work was undertaken in August, 1961 to re-shingle the school’s
roof with period cedar shake shingles, Mennonite craftsman, Simeon Martin (then
69), a carpenter and barn builder from St. Jacobs also re-shingled the little
wooden roof covering the tree stump (The London Free Press, August 23,1961).
Eventually the tree stump rotted to the point that it could no longer be saved
and so it was removed in the early 1970’s.</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">In the early days, the log school was an important tourist stop for many visiting
the park. On October30</span>,<sup>th </sup>1920, an<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kitchener Daily
Record</i> described the final resting place of the schoolhouse thus on its 100<sup>th</sup>
birthday: </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Among the many points of interest of the attractive
Waterloo Park the old schoolhouse of 1820 holds an important place. There it
stands old and gray among the trees, like a silent ghost of the past, one of
the few reminders of a fast-disappearing generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even in its
extreme age the old school is not deserted. The birds sing their songs in the
trees above it, and the squirrels scamper and chatter around it in much the
same way as they did 100 years ago, when it was a proud new building, standing
in the primeval forest."</span></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">At first glance, these are words that most certainly could have
been written today. Instead, the author is describing in pastoral detail
what we all know to be the truth--"the only thing that is constant is
change.”
Indeed, we are told that the
schoolhouse, once the repository for young minds in search of an education and
later a family home had been repurposed and the author showed a wry sense of humour
as he disclosed its current incarnation</span>:</span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">“...finally
Waterloo began to improve the park and the old log school was moved to its
present location, to be an emporium for ice cream instead of hard problems and
hard “lickens.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Nonetheless, the notion of repurposing the old building is something
that I am sure that the Mennonite forefathers would have approved of, having
been the practical and thrifty culture that they were. The problem with
repurposing older buildings is that they need repairs and all too often, these
repairs are seen as being costly—sometimes, too costly for the value of the
structure. Perhaps even worse, they are also perceived as political hot potatoes).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The Fight of its Life Really Begins</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">One could argue that the “fight of its life”” began when the
schoolhouse was first moved to Berlin in 1842. Even its final move to Waterloo
Park was fraught with strong discussion and convincing arguments made to the
town councillors in charge of deciding its fate but, as we know, Isaac E.
Bowman was successful in getting the councillors to agree that the school
needed to be preserved by moving it to the park--although this did not
guarantee its safety.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Even in the earliest of its days, however, vandals exploited the
school’s vulnerability as it sat empty at night. On May 28, 1903, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Waterloo Chronicle-Telegraph</i></span> ran
the following notice:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 51.0pt; margin-right: 48.2pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">"Some mischievous boys have been in
the habit of breaking the windows of the old school house in West Side Park.
If they are caught in the act their parents will be held responsible and
will have to pay costs. Kindly take warning."</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">This was not the school’s only problem to contend with. Over time, the
ice cream stand that was in the schoolhouse closed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few years later, the school was vacant,
again, and only opened periodically for special programming events. By May 18,
1961, the Kitchener-Waterloo Record had again reported vandalism, this time a
little late—during an inspection by the Park Board members, they noticed that
the schoolhouse building had names and initials carved in its sides dating back
to as early as 1900!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">While
it is true that some upgrades and changes had taken place by the early 1950’s
(such as the installation of electrical wiring, protective wooden shutters for
the windows and an asphalt shingle roof that was supposed to be more durable
than the early hand-hewn cedar shingles), the building was still at the mercy
of the elements, regardless of any potential vandalism (Kitchener-Waterloo
Record, January 28, 1952). Once again, a champion came forward to campaign to
save the school. His name was Harold Wagner, a member of the Waterloo Public School Board and he first suggested that the school should be moved
near to its original location adjacent to MacGregor Public School and then be
renovated. Another group, “the Empire Home and School Association” felt that a
move to the Doon historic village would be a better solution
(Kitchener-Waterloo Record, November 22, 1956). The debate raged on and the
school stayed where it was in the park. Wagner claimed that the schoolhouse was
rotting where it was and pleaded for the restoration of the building claiming
its merit thereof, saying “...it’s a disgrace for the oldest school in Ontario
to be left like this. It’s being carried away by termites...somebody should do
it because it will be a prized historical possession, one of the most prized in
Ontario in 50 years (K-W Record, September 3, 1959). </span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Finally in 1959, it was decided by the Waterloo Park Board that they
would obtain an estimate for the repairs and upon completion of them, they
would open the school for summer Sundays—complete with hiring a student as an
attendant for that time (K-W Record, June 22, 1959).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1960, nothing had yet been done and Harold
Wagner, by this time chairman of the Waterloo Public School Board, again
approached the School Board committee to move or repair it (K-W Record, December
13, 1960) but not until 1961 did anyone come forth with a viable plan—the
Junior Chamber of Commerce pledged to renovate the school, with further
fundraising planned to raise enough money to furnish it with a historic wood
stove and period furnishings (K-W Record, February 9, 1961).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Simeon Martin, a carpenter from St. Jacobs restored the cedar shake
shingles on the roof of the school in 1961 but it was clear that more repairs
were needed to the exterior of the building. By 1969, a repair estimate for the
exterior of the building was tabled as being $8,500 with the intent that this
would enable the building to be jacked up from where it was currently sitting
on bare ground in order to replace both the concrete chinking between the upper
logs and the bottom logs which were rotten, providing a new concrete foundation
on which to rest the schoolhouse. Once this was done they could then the
install air vents into the new foundation. The hope was that a new floor would
also be able to be built at the same time (K-W Record, September 18, 1969).
Well, politics stalled the repair—the current city council had reduced the
available funding and the repairs stalled. Nothing got done and the building
continued to deteriorate.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">In
1970 Harold Wagner was back again and this time he was an alderman, still in
favour of keeping the school and going ahead with the necessary repairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He continued his campaign to save the school
although at this point did not see the value of keeping it open on a continual
basis—rather, he argued that the exterior façade was seen as the more pressing
and immediate concern for repairs and preservation (K-W Record, June 15, 1970).
By 1971, Wagner had more community support. This time, local school teachers (three
teachers’ federations) raised the extra funds needed to match the shortfall of
proposed city funding and a group of Laurel Vocational High School<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6051863037014552421#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""></a>
students were recruited to complete the repairs. Simeon Martin, by now 79, also joined the project as a consultant (K-W Record, May 6,
1972). Restoration included replacing the foundation, refitting the floor,
windows and roof as well as whitewashing the interior.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">For the next twenty years or so, the school was periodically opened to
accommodate special event programming and even hosted a period re-enactment play
of 19<sup>th</sup> century school days by local school children at Macgregor
Public School in 1995. In 1991, Ellis Little, the local historian and member of
the Municipal LACAC (Heritage Advisory Committee), compiled a great deal of
research on the schoolhouse and had contacted the Waterloo Park Committee to
see if they would re-consider furnishing the school with period artefacts, with
the hope that the school could once again be opened to the public. In 1995, another
group of school children, this time from MacGregor Public School, working in
conjunction with the City of Waterloo and assisted by Ellis Little began
another repair operation—this time the city installed new windows and provided
the students with rough-hewn wood from which to make coat hooks and benches. In
December, 1995 the students also wrote and performed their play, entitled, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Schoolhouse of Yesteryear”</i> (K-W
Record, December 11, 1995).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The past few years of the twenty-first century have brought more
concerns to the log schoolhouse. Again, and ongoing, more repairs are needed
and discussions continue to be bantered about concerning what to do with the
schoolhouse. It is hard to believe but for all of its lifetime, this important
heritage icon was never recognized as a designated heritage building until
April 23, 2012--nearly one year ago!</span></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
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</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--></div>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Sources:</span><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-CA</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">~mills,
rych (1996)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Victoria Park: 100 Years of a
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">~Wells, Clayton W.
(1928) “A Historical Sketch of the Town of Waterloo, Ontario” in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sixteenth Annual Report of the Waterloo
Historical Society, </i>1928, Pp.22-67.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">~Zavaros, Margaret
(1990) “Waterloo Park 1890-1990<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">”</i> in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Waterloo Historical Society Annual Volume
No.- 78</i>, Pp. 83-99.</span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-83423347119849574222013-03-17T20:45:00.001-04:002014-04-07T15:30:15.581-04:00It's Maple Syrup Time!Well, I admit that I had a very busy week this week and so I will not have time for a full post. Instead, I have decided to share a few photos of what I have been up to this weekend. It seems that weather-wise we are being taunted by Old Man Winter or Mother Nature (take your pick). We get several nice days then a few more wintery ones. Seasonally, the production of maple syrup would have been a very early spring activity and would have been a welcome break after a long winter. The early settlers to this region were gifted with the knowledge of how to produce maple syrup from their aboriginal neighbours who were the first to gather the "sugar water" (that would later become maple syrup) from the sugar maple trees that were so plentiful throughout the Waterloo County area.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/maple-sugar-industry" target="_blank">http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/maple-sugar-industry</a><br />
<a href="http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/maple-bib/industry.htm" target="_blank">http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/maple-bib/industry.htm</a><br />
<br />
So, tending a cauldron full of maple sugar water is a long, laborious process--and SLOW. And yes, it is still winter but today was a lovely, crisp day and quite nice in the sun (by the fire....)<br />
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It may be winter but I can't help but long for the summer bake days.....I just love the bakehouse.<br />
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Ya, no. Too cold to go in there to do any business!<br />
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Very steamy but the fire smells wonderful!<br />
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I must say it has been a great weekend at work. For more information, check out the link at right in "The Buzz" for a Kitchener Record article about what we were doing this weekend at the Joseph Schneider Haus Museum. Pancakes, anyone?Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-8468902582532903812013-03-06T19:04:00.000-05:002013-03-07T10:55:04.122-05:00Situating Local History Scholarship<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
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While recently writing an article on local history for
publication in an academic journal, I realized that the scholarship of local
history is often met with a dismissive sort of condescension by some historians.
Somehow, it seemed to me, that if you were a scholar of local history you were sometimes
received within the academy as professionally akin to a ‘backyard archaeologist”
i.e. someone who digs in his own garden in search of relics rather than going
elsewhere—anywhere—to execute a “proper” dig. Truth be told, I do not believe
that this is in any way a fair assessment and I shall try to deconstruct this
notion and attempt to reinstitute another, more equitable one in favour of
situating local history scholarship as an undervalued, arguably emergent and
understudied field within the greater history academy. </div>
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For one thing, history’s “Big Events” are universally
recognized and are undeniably familiar to the common layperson and history
scholar, alike. All I need to say are things like: the Black Death, the French
Revolution, the Civil War and immediately one conjures images related to one’s
knowledge (or “myth-knowledge”) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of a
long-standing tradition of well-documented and perhaps over-popularized
event(s). In historic scholarship (independent of historic fiction) key figures
or “players,” so to speak, appear as the “stars” of these events, common men
and women or royal pedigree notwithstanding, each possessing the familiar
qualities of Hollywood-esque characters. Figures such as Henry VIII or Hitler,
Julius Caesar and Abraham Lincoln are often examined, analyzed and portrayed in
“bigger-than-life” scholarly fashion as if they were the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dei ex machina--</i>the gods from the machine—with the machine being
the history academy, itself, as the proselytizer of what has become the traditional
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Now, it is not my intent to appear harsh, here. On the
contrary, I am attempting to exemplify the universal mass appeal of traditional
history scholarship as it relates to relatively familiar subjects (including
facts, dates and events). What my argument is, is this: perhaps these subjects
are familiar <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">because</b> this is
what/who/when/where historians are studying and writing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">about</b> rather than the other way around. For example, who ever heard
about a history course about old Joe, the pioneer huntsman who singlehandedly
built his log cabin after clearing a road through the woods get to his land? I
venture to say, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NOBODY</b>! Now, old Joe
might show up as a fictionalized character in a mini-series like the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hatfield’s & McCoy’s, </i>but if he does
it won’t be as the star of the story. Instead, it will be as a sub-character
within the main plot. But, what if old Joe was the runaway ex-slave of a
plantation owner, so onerous that he had been murdered by his slaves who fled
in fear of their lives, some of whom made their way to freedom in Canada through
the Underground Railroad?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This story
might be more interesting and therefore more worthy of further investigation—perhaps
by someone who was a scholar within the field of African-American/Canadian History.
In truth, what historian would actually set out to study or investigate someone
or something of which he was not at least marginally interested? I sincerely
hope none.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With respect to the scholarship of local history, its
initial appeal may indeed be limited to those who are curious about the
community in which they live. This may come about after passing a designated
landmark building or stopping by to read a blue heritage plaque in front of it.
Other times, the search starts from a need to research or find out about an
ancestor or local public figure and may tie into a local story or legend that
is somewhat familiar. The question as to why a person becomes interested in
local history is in some ways arguably moot. After all, all history is local
somewhere in time and space. Perhaps a more important question begs an answer—why
study history in the first place? Do we want to discover a bunch of facts and
then keep them to ourselves? Certainly not for most scholars—the whole point is
to publish and share their findings or theories. In other words, the key point
of good scholarship is to inform or as I would coin it: make history accessible--either
as a topic of conversation, thought or something warranting further
investigation, for the general public as well as other historians. That way,
the scholarship moves forward and grows. So does its purported status and educational
value. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perhaps, on one hand, the biggest difference between
studying local history versus studying more familiar or traditional historical
topics like “the Romans” or “the Middle Ages” is that it may somehow seem less
important in the grand scheme of things. Local historians, it may be argued, study
the “little stories” rather than “big stories.” To the local historian, the
little stories add up and in part, help to form and inform others about their
community’s identity and cultural heritage fabric close to home and even
sometimes abroad when one stops to consider the effect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that local history scholarship may have on tourism
and the local economy. I would suggest, however, that any historian is engaged,
in part, in the study of little stories. Little stories that add up to big
stories, that is. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One could argue that the big stories, then, are merely a
compendium of a lot of little stories or Histories—some of these histories are
lesser known than others which is why some of us study local history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When walking through the local park, I want
to know how it came to be. When I walk down my street I want to know where its
name came from. When I read a heritage plaque or visit a local community
museum, I want to know more about the stories in my own backyard because it
tells me about where I live and how it developed over time. Better still, I
want to know how it started and who started it. I am looking for how I belong
in my community. I am looking for meaning.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I cannot pretend that I don’t relish sitting down with a
good scholarly account of Elizabethan England or the Bronze Age in Britain. I
love to study and read what others have studied and I fully appreciate their
contribution to the scholarship of historical figures and events. I merely make
the case that local history historians also contribute to the scholarship of
history—it’s just that they do it from their own back yards rather than from someone
else’s front porch, so to speak. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When local (regional or federal) governments cut the budgets
of community museums or vote to tear down significant heritage buildings that
are replete with little (and sometimes big) stories, I am both saddened and
dismayed at the apparent short-sightedness but am nonetheless even more aware
that local history is rarely valued. Think, for example, of someone deciding to
tear down Westminster Abbey because they wanted to build a new highway straight
through it. It just wouldn’t happen but on a local level, this kind of rampant
disregard for “old buildings” often is synonymous with “collateral damage” in
the name of progress. I cannot help but wonder if more local historians
published their scholarship and garnered more public awareness and respect for
their work perhaps this short-sightedness of governments (and the general
public) would abate or at the very least, slow down so we could slow down,
re-group and take value back from what we may be losing as a result of
so-called budgetary cuts.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I am proud to say that I, a local historian, will continue
to advocate for the re-evaluation of local history scholarship in the academy
and by the general public by living it, writing about it and teaching it to all
I encounter. The little stories I share are the accounts of people’s lives from
the past in the present and it is my intent to catalogue them for future
reference—call it my community’s legacy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After all, if
artifacts tell a story, why aren’t stories artifacts?</div>
Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-15652720719140794252013-02-26T13:33:00.000-05:002014-04-08T08:29:33.368-04:00Levi Carroll: The Tenant Had Tenants in the 1820 Log Schoolhouse<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Black History Month is nearly over and in its honour, I
would like to take another journey into the Queen’s Bush—well, sort of...</div>
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I originally started this blog in order to highlight local
settlement history within the Region of Waterloo, beginning with the “untold” history
associated with one of the Region’s most recognizable built heritage icons: the
1820 log schoolhouse that is presently located in Waterloo Park. My intent was
always to move around the Region and focus on different people and their
stories over time. It seems that the more I research the more I realize that
the local social history keeps wrapping back onto itself. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I am trying to say is that I often start
to research one person or story and then realize I am really just expanding on
an earlier story. The one story becomes “our Regional story” in many ways. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, our area is indeed unique because we
were first (permanently) settled by white Pennsylvania German Mennonites who came
here in groups of families that were well provisioned and well-prepared for the
harsh life ahead. They did not settle as individuals—they brought their
community with them—their extended families. They were a tight knit, faith-based
group that was also highly entrepreneurial—even though they were primarily farmers.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prior to their arrival, the First
Nations people (the Mississaugas) cultivated seasonal gardens and hunted for
wild game in the vast forests that surrounded the Region. In the early days of
settlement, the two groups co-existed in a mutually beneficial existence—trade
and barter was the early means of economic survival and success for these
groups, post contact. The Region began as a multicultural community right from
the start. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Mennonites, as pacifists, were also against slavery and
often employed the incoming runaway slaves as farm labourers at a time when
other settlement areas were not as friendly or welcoming to the blacks. The
Mennonites were also known to help the blacks to survive by providing seed,
food and other supplies. And as I have posted before, life was particularly
hard for the ex-slaves—especially those who settled in the Queen’s Bush/Peel
Township/Wellesley area---and many eventually left the area. For those who
stayed, evidence suggests that there was a broader black community of
individuals who regularly interacted with one another between local towns and
rural communities (e.g. Waterloo, Berlin/Kitchener and the Queen’s Bush),
regardless of geographical distance. This tells me that the early black
settlers in Waterloo Region had strong ties to each other in much the same way
as the Mennonites did. Even though they may not have started out as an extended
family, it would appear that in many ways they developed an ad hoc extended
family of sorts, over time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My current story involves our old friend, Levi Carroll, the
former black slave who lived in the 1820 log schoolhouse in the mid to late
1800’s and is a return to an earlier post about him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Levi had strong ties to a number of residents
who lived in and around the Queen’s Bush area and so I present one more post to
Levi Carroll’s legacy as it pertains to the 1820 log schoolhouse AND the
Queen’s Bush Black Settlers.... </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For one thing, making a living in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century wasn’t easy for whites or blacks although it was particularly difficult
for blacks. To exemplify this, Levi ‘s occupations throughout the census
records varied from labourer to shingle maker to gardener. As a man who was
disabled (he had lost the lower half of his right leg), his options for
employment would have been even more limited. As a man of meagre means, no
doubt Levi would have found it a challenge to meet his financial obligations.
What if Levi was also a landlord? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This might truly be a bit of a stretch but hear me out.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At one point actually, Levi had at least two tenants or
“roomers” who lived with him and his family in the former log schoolhouse. We
have evidence that Levi was most likely renting the house during the time that
he lived there and most of the censuses list him as living only with family
members (those with the same last name as his). That is, with the exception of
the 1861 Berlin census. The 1861 Canadian census for “the incorporated village
of Berlin in the county of Waterloo” records the inhabitants of the house thus:</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Levi</b>
(Labourer, age 54)—no mention of his marital status. Rather, it is left blank (which
is interesting).</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elisabeth Ann Carroll</b> (child, age 8)—listed as attending school
and, of course, single</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Henry Scott</b> (Blacksmith, age 37)—listed as married</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Scott</b> (age 22)—listed as married</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
**Note: all four are delineated with an “N” for negro. One
other notation for Levi is that a female living in his household, aged 24, died
sometime during the previous year from a “P. Sore Throat.” (I mentioned this
particular fact in an earlier post). Looking back, there are a number of
archaic medical terms which seem to be confusing to the modern understanding of
disease in the 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> century. The
explanation of this condition will sound rather nasty as indeed it is/was: “a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">putrid</b> sore throat.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Historically this ailment was commonly
associated with Scarlatina, a Staphylococcal infection known today as the
bacteria which cause Strep throat (or even Strep throat with a rash or “Scarlet
Fever”). At its worst, it is a condition that is an ulcerative form of
infection that attacks the tonsils down into the throat. In some historic
medical records, a putrid sore throat condition was also associated with
complications arising from severe Diptheria. In the 19<sup>th</sup> century,
this was a dire and deadly disease. Today, by contrast, this is an easily
treatable disease since we have antibiotics that can be prescribed following
diagnosis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is, however, so easy for
us to forget that modern antibiotics really weren’t widely available until 1942
when penicillin was finally was sold as a medicine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As scientific research advanced in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century along with it came the serious search for antibiotic remedies. It was
not until 1924, that Sir Alexander Fleming discovered that the Staphylococcus
Aureus bacterium --the cause of Strep Throat— could be killed with a mould
known as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penicillium Notatum.” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following his discovery, it still took years
of development and research before Fleming and two other researchers, Howard
Florey and Ernst Chain, finally shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their
work to successfully refine and manufacture the drug, Penicillin. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Having worked for
years in the Public History field, I am always squeamish when visitors remark
how they “would have loved to live “back then” as times were so much
simpler”—well, I am here to tell you that if you have ever had an antibiotic
for anything, then you may well not have made it if you lived “back then”
since, as I have pointed out, no antibiotics were available and many people succumbed
to their infection. But I digress.....</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The question remains: Who was this woman, living with Levi
in the schoolhouse, who died at the tender age of 24? We do not know for
certain—but whoever she was, she was close in age to 22 year old Mary Scott
(see above), wife of Henry Scott, a blacksmith. Was the woman who died related
in some way to Mary Scott? Was she her sister or close friend? Well, we may
never know but some interesting facts emerge as to who Mary Scott was, where
she came from and who her family was that eventually overlaps again back to
Levi in an interesting turn of events...</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the time of her marriage to Henry Scott, Mary was still
listed as being 22 years old. Her marriage record indicates that she and Henry
were married on October 29, 1860 by the good Reverend F.W. Bindeman (remember
him—the “marrying” preacher who was also a neighbour of Levi’s in Greenbush)?
Depending on the date the census was compiled, Mary may not have yet reached
her next birthday. Nonetheless, we know by this record that Henry, (age 36 when they married and
born in North Carolina) had been a resident of Brantford (“Brandford” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sic</i>) prior to his marriage. His parents
were listed as Jackson Scott & Mary Gelks—where they were living at this
time is not known. What we do know is that his occupation is listed as “blacksmith.”
In a time when many blacksmiths were rural tradesmen (many Mennonite farmers
had side trades, for example) with little to no formal training, it is hard to
say whether Henry was formally trained or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have not yet found a record for him working for anyone in a local
business nor have I found a record of him as a business owner so where he worked as a blacksmith is unknown at this point. It is also quite
likely that since he and his new bride were living with Levi, his resources were limited. No doubt their living arrangement
was mutually beneficial (if temporary) as in it would help both men keep a roof over their
families’ heads by sharing the costs of accommodation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mary’s lineage, thankfully, is a bit more
clear than Henry’s. Mary’s maiden name was “Lawson” and she is listed as being
both a resident of Berlin, ON and as the daughter of Dangerfield Lawson and
Elisabeth Harris. Dangerfield (also spelled “Dengerfield Lason” <i>sic</i>) was a resident
of the Queen’s Bush. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Dangerfield Lawson had an interesting story. The Peel
Township Census of 1851 states that Dangerfield was born in Virginia in 1806
although family tradition claims that he lived in Hagerstown, Maryland (where
he escaped from slavery at 16).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is
also a story that he had been captured by his owner following his first escape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following a fight between them, Dangerfield apparently
strangled his owner before meeting up with some abolitionists who helped him to
come to Canada. In 1844, he came to Peel Township (the Queen’s Bush) and
settled on the western half of lot 17, concession 7.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same 1851 census records him as being
married but the only female that is listed as living in his household at the
time is 18 yr. old Molly Ann Lawson who is noted as being single, not married.
In fact, she is the only other person that is listed as a member of his
household in 1851.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Linda Brown-Kubisch
speculates that he must have died sometime prior to the 1861 census as he was
not listed at all. What I find interesting here is that the name "Molly" is also
a common nickname for either Mary or Margaret. Was this Molly Ann the same
person as Mary Lawson? The age is off unless the Mary Lawson that married Henry
Scott was really older than 22 (accordingly she would have been 28 when she
married Henry if her age was really 18 during the 1851 census) or younger than 18 in the 1851 census. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although there are Harrises living in Peel Township
at this time, I could not identify one of them specifically as the Elizabeth
Harris who was listed as Mary’s mother on her marriage certificate.</div>
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<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Linda Brown-Kubisch lists several children for Dangerfield: Henry Dangerfield Lawson (b. 1838-41), William (b. 1843) and a younger
sister named Elizabeth. In 1861, Henry Lawson and his two younger siblings were
living with a Rev. Samuel H. Brown, a black man who was noted as being one of
the oldest residents in the Peel Township area and “for many years, preacher of
the negroes who lived there” (for more information see: </span><a href="http://generations.regionofwaterloo.ca/getperson.php?personID=I243053&tree=generations"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">http://generations.regionofwaterloo.ca/getperson.php?personID=I243053&tree=generations</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> ).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reverend
Brown was one of the ministers for the African Methodist Church (also known as
the “Negro Church”) and was also the owner of the land on which the church was built
(East ½ Lot 16, Concession 4, Peel Township). </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhprjKvwZZNJx4qQPRhuFa7zRkKpxUkfJBLGVFkv1vL4oqy3L1onCLM9ntpeDlHMe3ZU7bhyphenhyphenlgQYi6Z_A5HQA0WhyHUMADStcN_wGPgAcHZT82KoNZN7zxaDyNbep6xBcJDviWzVHj1bDI/s1600/queens+bush+church+for+black+immigrants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhprjKvwZZNJx4qQPRhuFa7zRkKpxUkfJBLGVFkv1vL4oqy3L1onCLM9ntpeDlHMe3ZU7bhyphenhyphenlgQYi6Z_A5HQA0WhyHUMADStcN_wGPgAcHZT82KoNZN7zxaDyNbep6xBcJDviWzVHj1bDI/s1600/queens+bush+church+for+black+immigrants.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> Remember this photo?</span>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The church property included a
small cemetery. The last services to be held there were about 1918.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">FYI: Ministers</span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">of the African
Methodist Church, Peel Township were:</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">1838-1839 William Raymond <br />
1843 Fidelia Coburn (see earlier post and photo via "labels link") <br />
1845 Elias E. Kirkland <br />
1846 John S. Brooks <br />
1847 Melville Denslow <br />
1850 Thomas Vipond <br />
1851 Matthew Swann <br />
1851-1853 Samuel Brown </span><br />
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<br /></div>
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Linda Brown-Kubisch (incidentally, no relation to Rev. Brown)
does tell us that Henry and William Lawson worked for Rev. Brown as farm labourers
on his 100 acre farm (Lot 16, Concession 4, Peel Township). In 1871, Henry eventually took
a wife, Sophia, and continued to work as a farm labourer in the
community. Together they raised a large family: Ellen Jane, Sophia, Agnes,
Hannah, Henry, James, Jacob, Herbert and Phillip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house they rented was situated next door
to Henry Lawson’s brother William’s 50 acre farm (Lot 15, Concession 5, Peel
Township). William married a woman named Mary Ann Cromwell and they also raised
a large family of 8 children: Major D., John Alexander, Emma Victoria, Arbery
Dia, Flossie, Rueben, Jemima Ridella and Mabel. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For more info, see: <a href="http://wurm-hastings.com/getperson.php?personID=I29646&tree=All">http://wurm-hastings.com/getperson.php?personID=I29646&tree=All</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Well, this story comes nearly full circle—remember Levi
Carroll’s step-daughter Emiline Johnston Carroll whose mother, Margaret
Johnston Carroll was from the Queen’s Bush area? Well Emiline’s son, James
William Aylestock (who spent time in the Berlin Poor House before being
released) was raised, according to family tradition, on a farm in the Glen
Allan (Peel Township/Queen’s Bush area). When he grew up, he married Jemima
Ridella Lawson (March 11, 1909).</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So to re-cap as this is a bit confusing: In 1861, Levi
shares his home (rents?) in Berlin, ON with Henry and Mary Scott. Mary Scott,
formerly of Peel Township, is the aunt of Jemima Ridella Lawson who lives in
the Queen’s Bush and who eventually becomes the wife of Levi’s step-grandson,
James William Aylestock, from Berlin, ON.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Incidentally, just to complicate things further, James Aylestock's family (</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">i.e, James William Aylestock's father) </span>were also from the Glen Allen/Peel Township area of the Queen's Bush.....</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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I intend to keep researching these inter-community connections
and will post what I find. Until then, Happy Black History Month, Waterloo
Region! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Levi, this one was for you....</div>
Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-27255876046250169462013-02-14T15:48:00.002-05:002013-02-15T12:21:12.811-05:00Oromocto Spring: A Waterloo Region Ghost Story for Valentine’s Day<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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It may seem strange to introduce a ghost story, albeit a
local Waterloo Region legend, on St. Valentine’s Day. I would argue that it is
actually quite fitting considering the history of St. Valentine’s Day, itself. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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As far as St. Valentine is concerned, he is recognized as a
third century cleric (some sources say bishop) who was martyred by the Roman Emperor
Claudius II on February 14, 278 A.D. for performing secret marriages For more information
see: <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/st-valentine-beheaded">http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/st-valentine-beheaded</a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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As for our story, it is an "aboriginal" legend about the
origin of Oromocto Spring. The spring still exists, running through an area
that has had its name changed many times over the years—originally it was known
as Attiwandron Park and later Cressman’s Woods. Today, we know it as Homer Watson
Park in Doon (part of Kitchener, ON). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For your viewing pleasure, I am including here
a link to a video from a local photographer, Don Drews, whose work has
consistently and beautifully captured the allure of the little known natural
heritage beauty that surrounds our Region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> This video is aptly entitled "Hiking Cressman's Woods."</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8erHKugK6U">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8erHKugK6U</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Homer Watson Park is
located in Doon, southeast of the city of Kitchener, along the banks of the Grand
River. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Archaeologists and historians,
alike, have catalogued countless accounts of early aboriginal activity in the
Waterloo Region and today I would like to share one of the legends with you as
a Waterloo Regional Valentine, of sorts...
<br />
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It seems that a young
Attiwandron girl, named Nashwaaksis, decided to warn another tribe (the Petuns)
about the impending approach of their enemies, the warring Iroquois. In order to warn them, she had to travel on foot from the Doon area to a site near Elmira— where the Petuns
were currently/seasonally camped. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>It so happened that Nashwaaksis
was in love with a Petun warrior by the name of Oromocto, who was, because he was a member of the Petuns, in great danger from the Iroquois. As Nashwaaksis and Oromocto
were from different tribes, they were not really able to meet openly
with each other so their love affair was a secret one. Because
she was going to warn the Petuns, she was able to meet with her
lover--in person--on the pretence that she was on a reconnaissance mission from
her tribe (which so happened that she was). The last time that the lovers met, and much to their misfortune, they stumbled
upon the encroaching Iroquois near the site of Doon. Oromocto fought valiantly but was quickly
slain in battle--Nashwaaksis was inconsolable and overcome by her grief, she died. The
Attirwondron tribe members claimed both of the bodies in order to honour them for their valiant deaths
and as they did so, a spring burst forth from the earth--on the same spot
where they had died. To the Attirwondron, this was a great sign. Of the spring, they said that the water in it was “as clear as the character of beautiful Nashwaaksis...and cold as the heart
of the Iroquois.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
Since then, many visitors to the area have said that when you walk in the area of the spring you can still hear Nashwaaksis crying for her lost love, Oromocto. There have been sightings of a young aboriginal woman, wandering and crying as she walks along the banks of the Grand River as if she is searching for someone. Other accounts state that she is heard in the soft breezes of the blowing wind--when one barely catches the sound of a soft, mournful sob. And then there are those, it is said, who have heard her cries of grief in the water, itself, as it babbles over stones and rocks.</div>
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P.S. It is interesting to note the "power of the press." The legend first appeared locally, in print, in a 1917 newspaper article that was designed to promote the "new" park and to boost the WWI war effort locally. It should be noted that the names and details of the legend per se are not documented in aboriginal folklore--locally or otherwise. Also, it would not be the first time that a ghost story was "just made up" for one reason or another.....either way, I present it at face value and for an interesting twist for consideration on Valentine's Day. I kinda like this story, regardless....</div>
Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-73107990589117890422013-02-07T13:08:00.001-05:002014-04-08T08:31:11.854-04:00A Short Lesson On Land Tenure (that involves John Hoffman and Levi Carroll).<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thank you to Amber for your comment about the maps and their origins. Funny, I was already working on this post when I received your comment! Hope this helps...</span></span></div>
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Land
tenure for the Berlin property where the log schoolhouse was before it moved to
Waterloo Park (and its significance to some of the founding fathers and early
land development):</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1816—Abraham Erb establishes a grist
mill in Waterloo (at the edge of present day Waterloo Park).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1820—Abraham Erb’s log school is
built (located to the east of the grist mill, but still on Erb land (located c.
at the corner of Central and King Streets, Waterloo, today).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1828—Abraham Erb dies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1829—Jacob C. Snider buys the mill
and land from Erb’s estate and adds steam power to it in 1835. (Prior to this
it was water-powered). This land that he purchased comprises much of the land
that encompassed the growing settlement of Waterloo. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1835—J.C. Snider starts a distillery
to process surplus grain and to make use of the added power source. (How is
that for an excuse to start a distillery! I suppose it is as good as any...)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The village of Waterloo was really
beginning to take shape. As historian Elizabeth Bloomfield tells us “a small
village developed on the higher ground to the north of the mill complex...began
to attract some of the German artisans who were emigrating from Europe. Abraham
Erb’s school, established in 1820 and endowed under the terms of his will, gave
the village a special function” (Bloomfield, 2006:84).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I take this to mean, in part, that
in addition to the growing commerce within the village of Waterloo, the
schoolhouse, as the first school established in Waterloo, further established
this early community as an educational centre by providing local education
opportunities for the incoming German-speaking immigrants’ children.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1842—The schoolhouse is moved to Abraham Weber's land. Weber, who owned GCT16
(the lot adjacent to the land owned by Jacob Snider, in part lots GCT14 (part
of this lot) and GCT15), at some point "....gave Levi Carroll a piece of land for a garden and
a cabin”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frank Uttley in <i>A History of Kitchener</i> tells us that
Carroll was an employee of Weber and that following an accident, Carroll was
given this land. I have not yet found definitive information to say whether
Weber bought the former 1820 log schoolhouse building as such before it was
moved but we do know that Weber owned the land when and where the schoolhouse
was moved to in Berlin in 1842. Personal speculation tells me that Carroll probably did
not buy the land or the cabin/schoolhouse but further research is needed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1847—Abraham C. Weber, youngest
child of Abraham Weber the pioneer, received the title for his father’s land (481
acres, most of which was within GCT16 in Greenbush/Berlin where the 1820 log
schoolhouse was located).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Over time, land owners were also selling
off occasional lots and sometimes larger parcels for speculation and
development as land values were increasing. Things continued to change for
Waterloo and Berlin by the early 1850’s and land speculation was a growing and
viable business interest. This “was most intense along the east-west zone of
the Grand Trunk Railway line, with Grange’s Survey across the north of Berlin,
Hoffman’s Survey in Waterloo, the Shantz and Moyer subdivision, and also
various pocket surveys west of Berlin” (Bloomfield, 2006:177).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the next several years, a lot happens to
the land tenure between the lands that joined Waterloo and Berlin as land is
surveyed and sold.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> See below for a newspaper ad from 1855 advertising lots for sale.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZfo-sdcX8zK52jhl0G3vcML4nFRHC9JuHmQaBs0-H1xtx3pqQCD5F9nAeCKcMo0Eh8GH4EZmGJQFbDFSS1YyhSPIc_ylr_auXs0qj2-V5zf-32-yDoJgI2cdBdNMCNoYJgaaNdCH7N4g/s1600/FirstTrain9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZfo-sdcX8zK52jhl0G3vcML4nFRHC9JuHmQaBs0-H1xtx3pqQCD5F9nAeCKcMo0Eh8GH4EZmGJQFbDFSS1YyhSPIc_ylr_auXs0qj2-V5zf-32-yDoJgI2cdBdNMCNoYJgaaNdCH7N4g/s1600/FirstTrain9.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1853—With the advent of the Grand
Trunk Railway’s imminent arrival in 1856 (today the CN Railway that runs
parallel to Victoria Street, Kitchener), Abraham C. Weber sells all but six
acres of his land to Sheriff George John Grange of Guelph who had his land holdings
surveyed (“Grange’s Survey of Berlin”) and Weber moves out to the Freeport area
(near Chicopee area in Kitchener, today). Apparently, Weber was not happy that
the train was slated to run the length of GCT16 and so he decided to sell. I
can’t say I blame him. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1853—Jacob C. Snider sells the land he had purchased from Abraham Erb's estate
(and the mill) to his son (320 acres in total). His son, Elias Snider—apparently did not like
the notion of the distillery.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is interesting to note that the still for
the distillery was moved after this land transaction to his father’s farm—father Snider clearly did
not object to whiskey. (This is a great point of contention for some people as
a common belief prevails that Mennonites “don’t drink alcohol,” however, it is
clear historically that judging by the number of Mennonite-owned and operated distilleries
(and grist mills) that some did and some didn’t. It was quite common at the
time for workers—both farm labourers and those working in other occupations—to
be given a day’s share of alcohol in conjunction with their wages. There were
certainly those who were opposed to the practice of paying workers with alcohol
as well as the consumption of it, like Elias Snider). In 1850 Elias becomes the
first deputy reeve of the Township of Waterloo and later, he was ordained as a
minister in 1874.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. 1853—Elias sells most of the land
that he purchased from his father to John Hoffman (for more information about Hoffman,see previous posting "Paging...John Hoffman." Also, there is an interesting post on the Mary-Allen Blog concerning street names...this post has some information for Elias Snider, John Hoffman and their family members. Please see this post on the Mary-Allen Blog: <a href="http://www.maryallenstories.blogspot.ca/2013/01/who-were-mary-and-allen.html">http://www.maryallenstories.blogspot.ca/2013/01/who-were-mary-and-allen.html</a>). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1854—Hoffman has the land he acquired in Waterloo (and the village, for that matter) surveyed by
M.C. Schofield. This becomes known as “the Hoffman Survey of Waterloo.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was this survey that helped me to ascertain
the probable location for the schoolhouse when Levi was living in it after it
moved to Greenbush/Berlin. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3zKCm_STIbHOm1UAve7FDY4mR0rzjbLPaFsbd8G-qPlqxcCjw5fznSTBZJGy9LZeZKv6bMKZTSzFgnGWRJwk3gh9xD65cycEKCMRYrd61J0TulLntGurZcqsFz2T8rc1RcgUdPXmZaUk/s1600/1855+map+of+waterloo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3zKCm_STIbHOm1UAve7FDY4mR0rzjbLPaFsbd8G-qPlqxcCjw5fznSTBZJGy9LZeZKv6bMKZTSzFgnGWRJwk3gh9xD65cycEKCMRYrd61J0TulLntGurZcqsFz2T8rc1RcgUdPXmZaUk/s320/1855+map+of+waterloo.jpg" height="259" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Compare, then, with the Grange Survey of Berlin, ON., that was compiled after Grange's acquisition of lands in Berlin that included much of Weber's farm on GCT16.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJMZ1E76eZJZNgCixyZvKCacFV_Zwft1vrYICm5HcjERtc1pH0OyZurirdegutUkRL6PIA5rQkqqCIDvbWkhV5zs_XEDlrdvNJA127_vfVzGzch5qIoeY2exjR4OUX99hLpA-fZt4FjE/s1600/1853+map+of+berlin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAJMZ1E76eZJZNgCixyZvKCacFV_Zwft1vrYICm5HcjERtc1pH0OyZurirdegutUkRL6PIA5rQkqqCIDvbWkhV5zs_XEDlrdvNJA127_vfVzGzch5qIoeY2exjR4OUX99hLpA-fZt4FjE/s320/1853+map+of+berlin.jpg" height="272" width="320" /></a></div>
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-89622824429836110242013-01-23T13:18:00.003-05:002013-02-04T11:23:49.309-05:00Checking In From A Long Winter's NapHi All!<br />
<br />
Well, first of all thank you to everyone who texted and emailed me off-site throughout the past couple of months...I have been very busy and am proud to announce several important things:<br />
<br />
1. My research paper/biography of the 1820 log schoolhouse is finally finished, turned in and awaiting printing and distribution. As I understand it, this will happen in the next couple of weeks and the copies will go out to the local research libraries and some of the community/regional museums e.g. Waterloo Public Library, Kitchener Public Library, etc.<br />
<br />
2. I am developing and will be teaching two courses on the history of Waterloo Region this coming September 2013. They will be available for registration through the Fall 2013 Course Calendar of Conestoga College which comes out some time after June/July. Currently, they are slated to be evening courses to start with and are available as credit courses although they are also open for the general public. More information on these will be forthcoming.<br />
<br />
3. Thank you to those who have either invited me to speak or have attended one of my recent talks. Your support and interest in local heritage fuels my research muse and for this I am in your debt. (Note to Marika: Sorry you couldn't get in to the Doon talk. Yes I will try to remember to post when and where these talks will be taking place in the future--By the way, the February 4th one has been temporarily cancelled as they lost their venue and need to look for another one. When I have more information, I will post it).<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-65112389549084440332012-11-16T14:26:00.002-05:002014-04-08T08:27:26.785-04:00Paging....John HoffmanQuoting an earlier post on this blog, I introduced some information that related to the log schoolhouse when it was in Berlin (near present day KCI) and its relationship (at least land use wise) to the former Mount Hope Cemetery and a man by the name of John Hoffman:<br />
<br />
"... <span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>1868</u></b>
The town of Berlin buys two acres of land from John Hoffman (a self-made man
and local political figure who owned a great deal of land in both Waterloo and
Berlin--more on him in upcoming posts) in order to establish a municipal (Mount
Hope) Cemetery.
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note: </b><u> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In 1871</b></u> Berlin purchases an additional 10.5 acres from him to
expand the cemetery (which is really two cemeteries-- the newer one as a Roman
Catholic cemetery that was originally operated by Sacred Heart Church and the
original (older one) that was located where modern day Grand River Hospital and KCI High School are. This would
have also been near where the 1820 log schoolhouse or Levi’s “cabin” was located). As
early as <u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1855</b></u> the first Mount Hope
Cemetery (originally called Greenbush Cemetery) is listed on the map of
Waterloo and was considered to be a protestant cemetery. <u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In 1871</b></u> the Ontario legislation regarding schools changed, allowing
for upper level grammar schools to become known as “high schools”. Around <u><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1872</b></u> transfer of burials from the older
Mount Hope Cemetery to the newer section began to take place.....(end of quote)</div>
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First of all, who was John Hoffman? </div>
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Now this is a real mover and shaker. John Hoffman was
born January 17, 1808 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (two years after
Abraham Erb arrived here and established what was to become the city of
Waterloo). When Hoffman arrived here in the early 1830's, he said that
he arrived with "half a dollar to [his] name..."<br />
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As stated, Hoffman was indeed a self-made man and perhaps, more significantly, he was a leader within both of the communities of Berlin (serving as mayor from 1872-73) and Waterloo (where he was one of the first councillors and later Waterloo’s reeve from 1863-67). This was a man who stood out from the crowd--within twenty years of arriving here, he had become the largest land owner in the Berlin-Waterloo area when, in 1853, he purchased four hundred acres for $37,500 (a princely sum in those days, to be sure). </div>
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Hoffman started with a small furniture business as a chair and cabinet maker, in Berlin, On (along with his brother Jacob who was also a strong character). John Hoffman was an ambitious man whose keen business mind served him well, allowing him to become quite prosperous and influential (both in local business and politics). Hoffman was also a strong-willed man who got what he wanted--but he was patient and shrewd. For example, when he first tried to purchase the swampy land in Greenbush near where the 1820 log schoolhouse stood (today the land between KCI/Grand River Hospital up to the corner of King and Erb Streets), he was turned down by the owner, Elias Snider (owner of the prosperous Snider Grist Mill). Hoffman promptly left the area to look for other investment prospects in the US. While he was gone, he received a telegram from his son-in-law, Isaac Weaver, saying that Snider had changed his mind and the land was now for sale. Hoffman jumped on it and quickly purchased the land. Hoffman's business interests were evolving and he established a grain and cattle market in the town of Waterloo, a strategic move that solidified the area as a lucrative agricultural hub. Some time later, Hoffman further developed Snider's former grist mill into what would later become Seagram Distillery. (let's face it, when you have grain and a means to grind it...., good water......and are thirsty.......).</div>
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A portion of this land, had been used as a cemetery--the earliest Mount Hope Cemetery (formerly Greenbush Cemetery). The bodies were eventually moved to the present day Mount Hope Cemetery, thereby incorporating the two cemeteries.</div>
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So, also quoting an earlier post, I said: "<span class="normal">...on the land ownership over time of
"Greenbush",...think Abraham Weber, John Hoffman and
Joseph Emm Seagram or, what does a Conestoga wagon, a Mayor and a bottle
of booze have in common)... ?</span> "</div>
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Well, the answer, finally: We know a Mennonite named Abraham Weber came to lot 16 of the the German Company Tract (in a Conestoga wagon) in 1806. Lot 16 encompassed, in part, where the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy is today along King and Victoria Streets--where older residents of the area would remember the BF Goodrich Tire plant used to be. This was part of Greenbush, where the 1820 log schoolhouse used to sit between 1842-1894. We also now know that John Hoffman, local business and land owner, (and former mayor of Berlin) purchased some of this land in 1855 (and more, entering into the town of Waterloo up to King and Erb Streets), developing the former Snider grist mill into what would eventually become Seagram's Distillery.....hence, a Conestoga wagon, a Mayor and a bottle of booze....</div>
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I love how history continues to interweave and then backs onto itself..... In fact, Joseph Emm Seagram eventually purchased that land after Hoffman's death in 1878 and later donated part of it (where the original Mount Hope cemetery was) in 1894 for a hospital--present day Grand River Hospital.</div>
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For more information on the Seagram operations and the collection at the City of Waterloo, see:</div>
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<a href="http://www.city.waterloo.on.ca/seagramcollection/history/plant_timeline.html">http://www.city.waterloo.on.ca/seagramcollection/history/plant_timeline.html</a></div>
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Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051863037014552421.post-36438926122434113542012-10-29T10:42:00.000-04:002016-02-19T09:20:53.426-05:00Tales of Humanity and Hardship, part 2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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I mention throughout this blog that the early pioneer settlers encountered "old growth" forests. I think it would be prudent if I introduce this post by taking a moment to show you a comparison of just how big some old
growth trees can get.<br />
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<br />
This tree is absolutely massive and it is not from
Ontario (it’s a picture of a redwood tree from northern California) but it gives you an idea of the size of
old growth trees. Stories about the trees in our area (mostly white pine) come
from the Mennonite settlers who said that they were often upwards of over 6-8
ft across. I recall a story whereby it was said that the Mennonites had set
about clearing their land in order to plant crops and that they were so
inundated by the felled trees that they tried to set them on fire and the only
thing that happened was that they smouldered for months. All I can say is wow!<br />
<br />
In my last post, I mentioned that a number of black settlers (ex-slaves, mostly) had found their way to the growing
community in the Queen’s Bush area of Peel Township and Wellesley Township. Many of these were settlers who had left Paola Brown's settlement in order to re-locate.
Most of the group settled illegally as squatters and although the land was
considered to be a wilderness, wild game abounded and streams were full of
fish. Most importantly, perhaps, the soil was rich for agriculture. The majority of the
squatters hoped that with hard work, in a year or two, they would be able to
save enough to be able to purchase their land outright—but, in the meantime,
this also meant that they were also waiting for their land to be available for
sale since the land in the area had not yet been surveyed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><br />
<br />
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<br />
And, as if it weren’t
hard enough to build their homes in the harsh wilderness, much of the Queen’s Bush area was isolated from established roads at the time. It was said that the
trip from Hawkesville to Waterloo was a two day journey--one day out from the
bush to Waterloo and then one day back!<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
Simple log dwellings were built but planting and reaping crops were something
else, and few of the settlers were able to prosper—many, in addition to lacking the tools and
finances needed to survive, were also finding the harsh Canadian winters to be
particularly difficult to manage. Starvation was also a very real threat--especially
during those long winter months with no crops.<br />
<br />
One couple, however, was
destined to become the area’s most prosperous farmers—black or white. <br />
<br />
John and Eliza Little arrived in the
Queen’s Bush in February 1841. Exemplifying some of the harshest stories
experienced by former slaves, both had suffered terribly prior to escaping to
Canada. John Little had consistently defied his owners, often receiving brutal
beatings that left him scarred and disfigured but eventually his owner finally
conceded that Little was too stubborn to subdue. Having escaped several times,
he was eventually sold to a man who was somewhat more humane. This man also
owned Little’s future wife, Eliza. Eliza had been separated from her parents as
a child and grew up working as a domestic servant. She, too, had received
frequent beatings. When she was sixteen she married John Little and her master
assigned her to work in the fields. The work was back breaking and almost broke
her down. Following an insurmountable series of hardships the Littles managed
to escape and reached Chicago where some kind abolitionists paid for their
journey to Canada, crossing over the border at the Detroit-Windsor terminus.
Unable to find work in the Windsor area, they travelled to Hamilton where they
purchased two axes—one for each of them—half a dozen plates, knives, forks, an
iron pot, one dutch oven and for food a 50 pound bag of flour and twenty pounds
of pork. In John’ s own words he says “... we marched right into the wilderness
where there were thousands of acres of woods which the chain never run round
since Adam. At night, we built a fire, and cut down a tree, and put up some
slats like a wigwam. This was in February when the snow was two feet deep.”<br />
<br />
Although isolated geographically, the early black settlers were often were the recipients of
kindness from local Mennonite merchants like Henry Stauffer Huber who sometimes
lent black settlers seed to plant, to be repaid when they could. As with other white settlers, the black settlers
also depended upon each other for survival and sometimes newcomers (new settlers to the area) would
receive gifts of field beans and potatoes from their neighbours who may have been white or black.<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
By 1841 a church is established in Peel---the African Methodist Episcopal
Church and the first preacher is an African-American from South Carolina—named
Morris Brown.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Since so many of the black
settlers were illiterate, pressure was building to establish schools to teach
the children. In 1844, Fidelia Cobourn, a missionary from Maine, arrived in the
Queen’s Bush to minister to and educate the children.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK7R9IO-4fbQO6dAbrE0IrwKtX9thQh-IVD1QMXNNQ8lZt_OU6DsCSB11ylIM9jwYL5kjxJ_7Zq0GufzBw2bNW4hnuG1qnK218WQ0kfHMkQ_35EaFOV7DzCCVykWDTYbq6p7m3t_nla5Y/s1600/Fidelia+Cobourn+Brooks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK7R9IO-4fbQO6dAbrE0IrwKtX9thQh-IVD1QMXNNQ8lZt_OU6DsCSB11ylIM9jwYL5kjxJ_7Zq0GufzBw2bNW4hnuG1qnK218WQ0kfHMkQ_35EaFOV7DzCCVykWDTYbq6p7m3t_nla5Y/s320/Fidelia+Cobourn+Brooks.jpg" width="262" /></a></div>
<br />
As an abolitionist, Fidelia
Cobourn actively campaigned for private donations and funding to build a school
and to provide for its upkeep. Donations were, at times, rather sparse and she
became very disillusioned when she found out that some still harboured racist
views toward the black settlers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>When she had arrived
in the community, Fidelia had shared accommodations with another white abolitionist
family in the area who lived in a small log house but once the school was
constructed and with no other lodging available, she moved into the sparsely
furnished schoolhouse known as the Mount Pleasant Mission School. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1845, a drought had effectively destroyed
much of the community’s crops and some of her students were arriving to school
so hungry that they ate the food scraps that she had set aside to feed her milk
(milch) cow. To make matters worse, government workers had arrived to assess
the land and farmers were now required to pay $50 up front as a down payment to
secure a 100 acre lot (this is rather small by comparison to the Mennonite lots
in Berlin and Waterloo which were, for the most part 448 acres). Many were not
able to pay the $50. Cobourn, accordingly, found it difficult to keep her
school open as her own funding dwindled. She tried desperately to obtain
donations for the children that went beyond money for the school and extra food:
things like clothing, shoes...but the choice for many was difficult but clear:
stay or leave?<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
In 1848, there were 1500 blacks living in the Queen’s Bush area. By 1851,
there were 237 recorded in the census. By comparison, there were approximately
700 people living in Berlin at that time and Berlin as an urban centre was
booming. As school enrollment for the children of black settlers also dwindled, the last black school in the
Queen’s Bush closed in 1853. The remaining children were integrated into common
schools in the surrounding areas (for the most part, the school enrollment in these schools had predominantly consisted of white students).<br />
<br />
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<br />
Peter Edward Susand was a former slave who had been living in Wellesley
Township on a fifty acre farm as early as 1843. Peter’s wife, Elizabeth, had
been born in England and was a white woman. As I have discovered, there were actually a number of
bi-racial marriages at this time (some had been solumnized<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by a minister and others were most definitely
common-law relationships). Peter and Elizabeth had twelve children and sometime
between 1851 and 1853, he and his family re-located to Berlin where he became a
respected member of his community. He established several businesses: he was
the first barber in the town of Berlin and at some point he opened the Meridian
Coffee House. He was a unique man, with a love of Shakespeare (having named some of his
children after characters in Shakespeare’s plays). Susand had also successfully
instituted and won several legal proceedings against some whites who had
damaged his Berlin property, receiving 5 shillings payment from one of the
hooligans as one of his settlements. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi326AojWsbv6SAtBKj6jlG5osZCdLG0ZWUGpHnr7xFUtSX-RWmNLxD-T-xOF5zf5SbU9YJ0L8btE4bdcPc1UndJDEyTtW-LuKqHasaRlv_b9K78fy0tDN8dAJ_QF5BK5zI6LmQppU8S7E/s1600/susands+barber+shop+3rd+bldg+from+left.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi326AojWsbv6SAtBKj6jlG5osZCdLG0ZWUGpHnr7xFUtSX-RWmNLxD-T-xOF5zf5SbU9YJ0L8btE4bdcPc1UndJDEyTtW-LuKqHasaRlv_b9K78fy0tDN8dAJ_QF5BK5zI6LmQppU8S7E/s320/susands+barber+shop+3rd+bldg+from+left.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Mr. Susand's shop is the third building on the right--conveniently located beside the Red Lion Hotel.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZgSEnp9Bys4YwbtVrsITToM-H3WDT50BRqQ_JI5YHE8qm6Gx2sW9BYek1CG05psVake5zploUfjCrNosUBL5ws4EN1zPKN77DFZMj0yFUtaTfjshUAuwr4MZoykEr4_C6s1MQfisF5is/s1600/PE+Susand+Ad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZgSEnp9Bys4YwbtVrsITToM-H3WDT50BRqQ_JI5YHE8qm6Gx2sW9BYek1CG05psVake5zploUfjCrNosUBL5ws4EN1zPKN77DFZMj0yFUtaTfjshUAuwr4MZoykEr4_C6s1MQfisF5is/s320/PE+Susand+Ad.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
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<br />
Here is a copy of one of his ads that he posted in a local paper advertising
yet another one of his businesses—as a procurer and seller of fine meats. It
may be a bit hard to read but his slogan says “Call and see and you can have
the worth of your money.” He is looking to buy quality meat and then sell it to
the public. As noted, his shop was surrounded by a number of hotels, one of
which was known as the Red Lion, seen above.<br />
<br />
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<br />
Perhaps most significant of all for Mr. Susand, in 1856, several of his
white neighbours, themselves respected businessmen of the community nominated
him for Berlin town councillor. He was delighted and addressed the assembly
upon his nomination. His speech was most eloquent. Unfortunately, he did not
stand much of a chance since he was running against a man, Dr. John Scott, who
had been in the position for a number of years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unfortunately for Dr. Scott, he was re-elected but died later that same
year.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1xmkiY-SmJk4Y-UpnpMFTbIXLY2oDiQhVmcQJfVUJE3fvB1TxkiIRiHu1CQpXz4ZSjn4p1AToQoTbV3xCvQWEKwmx4YIM9nYTWuCJAVeCYLkmaeeP1jaoD4t-ke7PaSGPaxaS2GtmIqo/s1600/Scott,John-FromBerlinToday1806-1906OfficialSouvenir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1xmkiY-SmJk4Y-UpnpMFTbIXLY2oDiQhVmcQJfVUJE3fvB1TxkiIRiHu1CQpXz4ZSjn4p1AToQoTbV3xCvQWEKwmx4YIM9nYTWuCJAVeCYLkmaeeP1jaoD4t-ke7PaSGPaxaS2GtmIqo/s320/Scott,John-FromBerlinToday1806-1906OfficialSouvenir.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>
<br />
The Susand family continued to re-invent themselves and proved to be
integrated, contributing members of their community until 1862. At this point, something
happened to the family as Peter relocated to Guelph yet his family stayed in
Berlin. The assumption of researcher Linda Brown-Kubisch was that the family was
abandoned by him as they fell on hard times following his departure. Elizabeth,
his wife, eventually establishes her own successful business selling
confectionaries--(sometimes at the Berlin Train station) until she eventually purchases
her own property. The business is simply known as “Susand’s Taffy.” She lists
herself as a widow in 1865 yet I have located a later New York City census in
the 1870’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that lists a PE Susand
living there and still working as a barber. Some of the family members, as you
may be aware, are buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in Kitchener. Others left the area and moved to Michigan.<br />
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<br />
Now, Peter Susand was not the only black settler in Berlin to conduct legal
proceedings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of note was Robert
Sutherland, the first African-Canadian person to qualify as a lawyer in British
North America (Canada). A native originally of Jamaica, and not, I believe a
former slave, Mr. Sutherland practiced law for a short time in Berlin before
moving north to Walkerton where he enjoyed a successful law career, serving
briefly as a reeve of the town. A graduate of Queen’s University, upon his
untimely death in 1878, Mr Sutherland willed his entire net worth,
approximately $12,000 to Queen’s making him Queen’s first major benefactor. In
March of 1998, Sutherland Hall was dedicated as a place where students can come
together and, I quote, “appreciate the accomplishments of such an important
figure in the history of our school and our country. During the 150th
anniversary of his graduation from Queen's, let us not forget the
accomplishments of Robert Sutherland. May the students of Queen's ensure his
legacy lives on and that the contributions of people of colour are never again
forgotten. During his time at Queen’s he earned 14 academic prizes and
excelled at the fine art of debate"—no doubt a skill that he further perfected
as a lawyer and Politician.<br />
<br />
One story I can share with you that concerns Mr.
Sutherland comes from Uttley’s “History of Kitchener.” This story also details
how respected Mr. Sutherland was in this community and how highly his fellow
citizens thought of him:<br />
<br />
During the time that Mayor Huber was in office (1857-59?), a circus came to
Berlin. As one of the guests, Mr Sutherland purchased a ticket to attend but
when seated during the show he was racially heckled by a rude clown (how prosaic!) and the
white citizens jumped up and started to thrash the clown driving he and the
circus out of town. According to the newspaper article that later reported the
incident, Berlin, having been settled predominantly by Mennonites who were also
strong abolitionists, of course they would sympathize with their black
neighbour.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Joanna Rickert-Hallhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02078021201490680502noreply@blogger.com0